State which law of thermodynamics each statement corresponds to.
a. “A system can never reach a temperature of 0 K.”
b. “Heat will never of itself flow from a cold object to a hot object.”
c. “Whenever heat is added to a system, it transforms to an equal amount of some other
form of energy.”
a. This statement corresponds to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, which states that as the temperature approaches absolute zero (0 K), the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero.
b. This statement corresponds to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that heat spontaneously flows from objects at higher temperatures to objects at lower temperatures, and does not reverse direction on its own.
c. This statement corresponds to the First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Energy Conservation. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed from one form to another.
To determine which law of thermodynamics each statement corresponds to, let's analyze each statement:
a. "A system can never reach a temperature of 0 K."
This statement corresponds to the Third Law of Thermodynamics. The Third Law states that as a system approaches absolute zero (0 K), its entropy approaches a minimum value. It implies that it is impossible to reach absolute zero temperature.
b. "Heat will never of itself flow from a cold object to a hot object."
This statement corresponds to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law states that heat will naturally flow from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object. It means that heat transfer occurs in the direction of increasing entropy, and spontaneous heat flow always occurs from higher temperature regions to lower temperature regions.
c. "Whenever heat is added to a system, it transforms to an equal amount of some other form of energy."
This statement corresponds to the First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy. The First Law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another. When heat is added to a system, it can be transformed into other forms of energy, such as work, potential energy, or kinetic energy.
In summary:
a. corresponds to the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
b. corresponds to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
c. corresponds to the First Law of Thermodynamics.
a. This statement corresponds to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, which states that it is not possible to reach absolute zero (0 Kelvin) through any finite number of processes.
b. This statement corresponds to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that heat will naturally flow from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object, and not the other way around.
c. This statement corresponds to the First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy, which states that the total energy of a closed system is conserved. Therefore, when heat is added to a system, it will be transformed into an equal amount of some other form of energy, such as work or internal energy.