What are the effects of cystic fibrosis?
(1 point)
absence of pigment
respiratory and digestive issues
circulatory and cardiovascular diseases
skin disorders
The last 1 is skin cancer
The correct answer is: respiratory and digestive issues.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It causes the production of thick and sticky mucus in these organs, leading to a range of symptoms and complications. The mucus build-up in the lungs can lead to chronic lung infections, coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness. In the digestive system, the mucus can block the ducts that carry enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine, impairing the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. This can result in malnutrition, poor growth, and difficulty gaining weight. Other health issues related to cystic fibrosis may include sinus problems, nasal polyps, fertility issues, and liver disease.
The effects of cystic fibrosis include:
1. Respiratory issues: Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory system, causing thick mucus to build up in the lungs. This leads to frequent lung infections, difficulty breathing, and a persistent cough.
2. Digestive problems: The disease also affects the digestive system, leading to difficulty in absorbing nutrients from food. This can result in poor growth, weight loss, and malnutrition.
3. Sinusitis: Cystic fibrosis can cause chronic sinusitis, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, sinus pressure, and recurring sinus infections.
4. Pancreatic insufficiency: Many individuals with cystic fibrosis have pancreatic insufficiency, meaning the pancreas does not produce enough digestive enzymes. This can result in difficulty digesting fats and proteins.
5. Liver disease: Some individuals with cystic fibrosis may develop liver disease, including bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, or fatty liver.
6. Reproductive issues: Cystic fibrosis can affect the reproductive system, causing infertility in both males and females.
It is worth noting that absence of pigment and skin disorders are not directly related to cystic fibrosis and are not typical symptoms of the condition.
To understand the effects of cystic fibrosis (CF), we need to look at its underlying mechanism. CF is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene. This gene is responsible for producing a protein that regulates the movement of salt and fluids in the body. Due to the mutation, the CFTR protein does not function properly, resulting in the production of thick, sticky mucus in various organs.
The most common effects of cystic fibrosis are:
1. Respiratory Issues: The build-up of thick mucus in the lungs can obstruct the airways, making it difficult to breathe. This leads to recurrent lung infections, chronic coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Over time, these respiratory problems can cause lung damage and respiratory failure.
2. Digestive Issues: The digestive system is also affected by CF. Thick mucus can block the pancreatic ducts, preventing the release of digestive enzymes into the small intestine. This results in malabsorption of nutrients, leading to poor weight gain, vitamin deficiencies, and bulky, foul-smelling stools.
3. Circulatory and Cardiovascular Diseases: In CF, the thick mucus can also obstruct the bile ducts in the liver, leading to liver disease. Moreover, the mucus can clog the sweat glands, affecting the body's ability to regulate salt levels. This can result in an imbalance of electrolytes, leading to dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and an increased risk of heatstroke.
4. Skin Disorders: Although not as common as respiratory and digestive issues, some individuals with CF may develop skin disorders. These can include skin infections, rashes, and the formation of small, fluid-filled cysts on the skin called "epidermoid cysts."
It is important to note that the severity and specific effects of cystic fibrosis can vary widely from person to person, depending on the specific genetic mutation and other factors. Proper medical management and treatment can help alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes for individuals with CF.
Which statement is the most accurate definition of mutation? (1 point)
O A mutation is a change in DNA that onlv causes survival advantages.
O A mutation is a change in DNA that only causes diseases.
• A mutation is a change in DNA that can change the structure of genetic information and cause diseases.
O A mutation is a change in DNA that can change the structure and function of genetic informlion.
The correct statement is: A mutation is a change in DNA that can change the structure and function of genetic information.
What is the main function of camouflage? (1 point)
1 Camouflage helps organisms find mates.
2 Camouflage helps organisms resist diseases.
3 Camouflage helps organisms gain nutrients in their environment
4 Camouflage helps organisms blend within their environment.
The correct answer is: Camouflage helps organisms blend within their environment.
A mutation that causes abnormal cell division can result in (1 point)
O cystic fibrosis
O skin cancer.
O sickle cell anemia.
• clogged arteries