Differentiate between the lysogenic and lytic cycles.(1 point) Responses The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle. The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle. Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle. Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle. The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle. The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle. The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle.
The lysogenic and lytic cycles are two different ways in which viruses can reproduce and infect host cells.
In the lytic cycle, the virus injects its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the host cell. Once inside, the viral genetic material takes over the host cell's machinery and uses it to replicate its own genetic material. The host cell then produces viral proteins, as directed by the viral genetic material, and assembles new viruses. Eventually, the host cell is lysis, or ruptures, releasing the newly formed viruses that can go on to infect other cells.
In contrast, the lysogenic cycle involves the integration of the viral genetic material into the host cell's DNA. Rather than immediately taking over the host cell's machinery and producing new viruses, the viral genetic material becomes part of the host cell's own genome and is replicated along with it during cell division. The integrated viral genetic material is called a prophage or provirus. In this state, the virus does not cause immediate harm to the host cell, and it can persist for long periods of time within the host genome. However, under certain conditions, such as stress or environmental cues, the prophage may become active and enter the lytic cycle, leading to the production of new viruses and the destruction of the host cell.
so whats the answer?
The answer is:
- The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.
- Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle.
- The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle.
- The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle.
The statements provided are not entirely accurate. Here is a correct differentiation between the lysogenic and lytic cycles:
Lytic Cycle:
- In the lytic cycle, the host cell is indeed destroyed.
- During this cycle, the virus injects its DNA or RNA into the host cell.
- The viral genetic material takes control of the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components, including viral proteins.
- These components are then assembled to form new virus particles.
- Eventually, the host cell lyses (bursts) and releases the newly formed virus particles, which can go on to infect other cells.
Lysogenic Cycle:
- In the lysogenic cycle, the host cell is not immediately destroyed.
- Instead of immediately taking control of the host cell's machinery, the viral DNA (or RNA) integrates into the host cell's DNA through a process called integration.
- The integrated viral DNA is called a prophage or provirus.
- The host cell continues its normal activities, including replication and cell division, while carrying the viral DNA.
- Over time, certain stimuli or triggers can initiate the transition from the lysogenic cycle to the lytic cycle.
- Once triggered, the integrated viral DNA is excised from the host cell's DNA and begins the lytic cycle, leading to the destruction of the host cell and the production of new virus particles.
Therefore, the accurate statements are:
- The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.
- Viral proteins are synthesized during the lytic cycle.
- The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle.
The lysogenic and lytic cycles are two different methods by which viruses replicate inside host cells.
In the lytic cycle, the virus enters the host cell and immediately begins to replicate its genetic material (DNA or RNA) using the cell's own machinery. The host cell's resources are directed towards viral replication, resulting in the production of numerous viral proteins. These proteins assemble to form new virus particles, which eventually burst out of the host cell, causing the cell to be destroyed in the process. This cycle leads to the immediate death of the host cell.
On the other hand, during the lysogenic cycle, the virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. This viral DNA becomes integrated into the host cell's genome, forming a stable association. The viral genes may remain dormant for an extended period without causing any symptoms or replication. The host cell may continue to divide and carry out its normal functions while harboring the viral DNA. However, under certain conditions (such as changes in the host cell's environment or stress), the viral genes may become activated. Once activated, the lysogenic cycle can transition into the lytic cycle, initiating viral replication and ultimately causing the destruction of the host cell.
In summary, the key differences between lysogenic and lytic cycles are:
1. Host cell fate: In the lytic cycle, the host cell is destroyed as new viruses are released, while in the lysogenic cycle, the host cell can survive while harboring the viral DNA.
2. Synthesis of viral proteins: Viral proteins are synthesized during the lytic cycle to form new virus particles, whereas in the lysogenic cycle, viral proteins may not be actively synthesized until the activation of the viral genes.
3. DNA replication: The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle, while in the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA becomes integrated into the host cell's DNA.
4. DNA injection: During the lysogenic cycle, the virus injects its DNA into the host cell, whereas in the lytic cycle, the virus directly replicates within the host cell.