What is a gene?
a section of DNA that encodes a specific protein
a large molecule that performs a specific function
a structure that contains many chromosomes
a point that joins two halves of a chromosome
The correct answer is: a section of DNA that encodes a specific protein.
A gene is a section of DNA that encodes a specific protein. It carries the genetic instructions for the production of a particular molecule, usually a protein. Genes are the fundamental units of heredity and play a crucial role in determining the traits and characteristics of individuals.
A gene is a section of DNA that encodes a specific protein. To understand this, we need to know that DNA is made up of a sequence of nucleotides (A, T, C, and G), which act as the building blocks of genetic information. A gene is a specific region of DNA that contains the instructions for building a particular protein.
To identify a gene, scientists often analyze the DNA sequence of an organism. Through a process called gene sequencing, they determine the order of nucleotides in a particular stretch of DNA. By examining the sequence, they can identify individual genes based on specific patterns and signals that indicate the presence of a gene.
Once a gene is identified, it can be transcribed into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA), through a process known as transcription. This mRNA molecule then carries the genetic information to the ribosomes in the cell, where it is translated into a specific protein. The protein produced by a gene performs various functions in the cell, such as catalyzing chemical reactions or providing structure.
In summary, a gene is a section of DNA that encodes a specific protein. Scientists can identify genes by analyzing DNA sequences and understanding the patterns that indicate the presence of a gene.