which of the following process has been most influenced by technological advances in communication and transportation
internationalisation
universalisation
deterritorialisation
westernisation
The process that has been most influenced by technological advances in communication and transportation would be deterritorialisation. This term refers to the breaking down of traditional barriers of time and space due to advancements in communication and transportation technologies. It allows for the easier movement of goods, people, and information across borders, leading to increased global interconnectedness.
The process that has been most influenced by technological advances in communication and transportation out of the options you provided is "deterritorialisation." Technological advancements have significantly contributed to deterritorialisation, which refers to the weakening of the connection between geographical location and social, economic, and cultural activities. Changes in communication and transportation technologies have facilitated the movement of people, goods, and information across borders, making it easier for cultures, ideas, and influences to transcend national boundaries and create a more globalized world.
To determine which process has been most influenced by technological advances in communication and transportation, we can consider the role of technology in each of the processes mentioned.
1. Internationalisation: This refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between countries, including the exchange of goods, services, and knowledge across borders. Technological advances in communication and transportation have played a significant role in facilitating international trade, travel, and communication. For example, the development of the internet, email, and teleconferencing has made it easier for businesses to engage in cross-border transactions and collaborate with partners in different countries. Similarly, advancements in transportation, such as air travel and container shipping, have reduced the time and cost involved in moving goods internationally. However, while technology has been instrumental in supporting internationalisation, it is not the sole determinant of this process.
2. Universalisation: This term refers to the spread or adoption of certain practices, values, or ideas across cultures and societies. Technological advances in communication, particularly the internet and social media, have greatly contributed to the spread of information and ideas on a global scale. These platforms have allowed people from different parts of the world to connect, share, and access information more easily. However, it is important to note that the spread of ideas and practices is influenced by various factors, including cultural, social, and political dynamics, and technology is just one aspect of the broader process of universalisation.
3. Deterritorialisation: This concept refers to the diminishing significance of physical geography and boundaries as a result of advancements in communication and transportation technologies. Technology has made it possible for individuals and businesses to transcend geographic limitations and conduct activities without being constrained by borders. For instance, digital communication tools have enabled remote work and virtual collaboration, allowing individuals to work with colleagues or clients from different countries without the need for physical proximity. However, deterritorialisation is a multifaceted process influenced by various factors, including economic integration, political changes, and social shifts, with technology being an enabler rather than the sole driving force.
4. Westernisation: This term refers to the spread of Western culture, values, and norms to other parts of the world. While technology has played a role in the dissemination of Western ideas through media platforms and digital content, it is important to note that the influence of Western culture is also influenced by historical, political, economic, and social factors. The impact of technology on westernisation is significant but should not overshadow other determining factors.
In conclusion, while each of the processes mentioned has been influenced by technological advances in communication and transportation, it is difficult to determine which process has been the most influenced, as they are interconnected and influenced by various factors. It is important to recognize that technology is just one aspect of these processes and that multiple factors contribute to their dynamics.