The temperature of a gas is directly related to the kinetic energy of the gas particles. Determine which actions below will have NO EFFECT on the kinetic energy of gas particles.
I. Poking a hole in a tire.
II. Sticking an inflated balloon in a freezer.
III. Adding more air to a balloon.
IV. Lighting a candle.
V. Setting a block of ice on the dining room table.
Responses
A IV and VIV and V
B I and IIII and III
C I, III, and VI, III, and V
D II, III, and IV
The correct answer is D. II, III, and IV.
II. Sticking an inflated balloon in a freezer will decrease the kinetic energy of gas particles. As the temperature decreases, the gas particles will slow down and their kinetic energy will decrease.
III. Adding more air to a balloon will increase the kinetic energy of gas particles. When more air is added, the gas particles will move faster and their kinetic energy will increase.
IV. Lighting a candle will not directly affect the kinetic energy of gas particles. The process of burning the candle involves a chemical reaction, and while it may result in the release of heat and an increase in temperature, it does not directly affect the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
To determine which actions will have no effect on the kinetic energy of gas particles, let's analyze each action:
I. Poking a hole in a tire: Poking a hole in a tire will release some of the compressed gas, reducing the number of gas particles. Since the kinetic energy of gas particles depends on their motion, reducing the number of particles will also reduce the total kinetic energy. Therefore, this action will have an effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
II. Sticking an inflated balloon in a freezer: Placing an inflated balloon in a freezer will cause the gas particles inside the balloon to cool down. As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the gas particles will also decrease since their motion slows down. Therefore, this action will have an effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
III. Adding more air to a balloon: Adding more air to a balloon increases the number of gas particles. More particles will result in an increase in the total kinetic energy of the gas since each particle contributes to the overall energy. Therefore, this action will have an effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
IV. Lighting a candle: The process of lighting a candle involves a chemical reaction that produces heat. The heat released can increase the temperature of the surrounding air, including any gas particles present. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas particles will also increase since their motion becomes more energetic. Therefore, this action will have an effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
V. Setting a block of ice on the dining room table: Placing a block of ice on the dining room table will not directly affect the kinetic energy of gas particles. The ice itself is not a gas, and unless it melts or undergoes a phase change, it will not affect the gas particles' kinetic energy. Therefore, this action will have no effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
Based on the analysis, actions II, III, and IV will have an effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles, while actions I and V will have no effect. Therefore, the correct response is:
D) II, III, and IV
The correct response is D) II, III, and IV.
Explanation:
The kinetic energy of gas particles is directly related to the temperature of the gas. Therefore, actions that have no effect on the temperature of the gas will also have no effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
I. Poking a hole in a tire: This action does not affect the temperature of the gas or the kinetic energy of the gas particles. However, it will cause a decrease in the pressure inside the tire.
II. Sticking an inflated balloon in a freezer: Cooling the gas in the balloon will cause a decrease in temperature, which in turn will decrease the kinetic energy of the gas particles. Therefore, this action does affect the kinetic energy of the gas particles.
III. Adding more air to a balloon: Adding more air to a balloon will increase the pressure inside the balloon but will not directly affect the temperature. Since the temperature remains the same, the kinetic energy of the gas particles will also remain the same.
IV. Lighting a candle: Lighting a candle does not directly affect the temperature of the gas or the kinetic energy of the gas particles. However, it may indirectly affect the gas particles if the combustion products of the candle (such as heat) come into contact with the gas.
V. Setting a block of ice on the dining room table: This action does not affect the temperature of the gas or the kinetic energy of the gas particles. However, it may cause the gas particles in the immediate vicinity of the ice block to cool down, reducing their kinetic energy. This effect is localized and does not affect all gas particles in the system.
Therefore, actions II (sticking an inflated balloon in a freezer), III (adding more air to a balloon), and IV (lighting a candle) will have no effect on the kinetic energy of the gas particles.