1.1. Values and attitudes are important because people enter the organisation/work group with
value systems that might not be congruent with the values associated with the organisation/
group. Answer the questions below
1.1.1. Define the three components of an attitude according to industrial psychology . (3)
1.1.2 Provide an example of the above-mentioned components as they relate to 5 people who may be in a group. (3)
1.2. During the adjourning stage, the team leader should reflect on the group’s experience and
effectiveness. Therefore, the team leader decided to review members’ satisfaction and
commitment.
1.2.1. Describe the following terms (Include an in text citation, not the prescribed textbook):
1.2.1.1. Job satisfaction (2)
1.2.1.2. Organisational commitment (4)
1.2.2. Evaluate the level of satisfaction that might be there in the group and provide examples to validate the answer.
(3)
1.2.3.As they Interview one another what could be identified from each member's type of commitment to the group. Validate
the answer with practical examples. (4)
Hint: Lerato (normative commitment): She believes that she has no choice but to work with us
and that this is the only thing that can help her pass the module.
1.3. There are numerous value orientations that are intrinsic in each individual’s personality and
have an impact on employee motivation.
1.3.1. Identify each group member’s value orientation and provide relevant examples that support the chosen orientation. (5)
Hint: Thato is a religious person; she always wants us to start the meetings with a prayer, as
she believes that God provides the wisdom to work effectively
1.1.1. The three components of an attitude according to industrial psychology are:
1. Cognitive component: This refers to the beliefs and thoughts that a person holds about a particular object, person, or situation. It involves the knowledge or information that an individual has about the object of their attitude. For example, someone may believe that teamwork is an effective way to achieve goals.
2. Affective component: This component involves the emotional or evaluative response that an individual has towards an object, person, or situation. It includes the feelings and emotions that are associated with the attitude. For example, someone may feel happy and excited about working in a team.
3. Behavioral component: This component relates to the actions or behaviors that are influenced by an individual's attitude. It involves how a person intends to behave or act towards the object of their attitude. For example, someone with a positive attitude towards teamwork may actively participate and contribute in team meetings and projects.
1.1.2. Examples of the above-mentioned components as they relate to 5 people in a group:
1. John:
- Cognitive component: John believes that teamwork leads to better outcomes and increased productivity.
- Affective component: John feels motivated and enthusiastic when working with others in a team.
- Behavioral component: John actively engages and collaborates with team members, offering his insights and suggestions.
2. Mary:
- Cognitive component: Mary holds the belief that individual work is more effective than teamwork.
- Affective component: Mary feels frustrated and irritated when working in a group, preferring to work alone.
- Behavioral component: Mary tends to withdraw and avoid participating in team activities, focusing primarily on her individual tasks.
3. Sarah:
- Cognitive component: Sarah believes that teamwork allows for diverse perspectives and creative problem-solving.
- Affective component: Sarah feels inspired and motivated when collaborating with others in a team.
- Behavioral component: Sarah actively seeks opportunities to work with team members, actively contributing and supporting their ideas.
4. Michael:
- Cognitive component: Michael holds the belief that teamwork is time-consuming and hinders individual productivity.
- Affective component: Michael feels indifferent and neutral towards working in a team.
- Behavioral component: Michael may participate passively in team activities and only contribute when required, prioritizing his individual tasks.
5. Lisa:
- Cognitive component: Lisa believes that teamwork is essential for building strong relationships and fostering a supportive work environment.
- Affective component: Lisa feels fulfilled and satisfied when collaborating and working closely with team members.
- Behavioral component: Lisa actively fosters communication and cooperation within the team, promoting a positive and inclusive team culture.
1.1.1. According to industrial psychology, the three components of an attitude are:
1. Cognitive component: This component refers to a person's beliefs, thoughts, and knowledge about a particular object or situation. It is the information and understanding that an individual has about something. For example, someone might have the belief that teamwork is essential for success in an organization.
2. Affective component: This component encompasses a person's emotions, feelings, and reactions towards an object or situation. It is the emotional response that an individual has towards something. For example, someone might feel positively excited about being part of a group project.
3. Behavioral component: This component relates to a person's actions, behaviors, and intentions towards an object or situation. It is the way an individual behaves or intends to act based on their attitudes. For example, someone might actively participate and contribute in group discussions.
1.1.2. Here are examples of the three components of attitude as they relate to five people who may be in a group:
1. John:
- Cognitive component: John believes that hard work and dedication lead to success in an organization.
- Affective component: John feels motivated and enthusiastic about achieving the group's goals.
- Behavioral component: John actively takes on tasks and responsibilities within the group.
2. Sarah:
- Cognitive component: Sarah believes that collaboration and open communication are important in a team.
- Affective component: Sarah enjoys working with others and feels a sense of belonging in the group.
- Behavioral component: Sarah actively listens to others' ideas and provides constructive feedback.
3. Mark:
- Cognitive component: Mark believes that innovation and taking risks are crucial for the group's success.
- Affective component: Mark feels energized and excited when exploring new ideas and approaches.
- Behavioral component: Mark actively suggests creative solutions and encourages others to think outside the box.
4. Lisa:
- Cognitive component: Lisa believes that a structured and organized approach leads to efficient group work.
- Affective component: Lisa feels satisfied when following a clear plan and achieving predetermined goals.
- Behavioral component: Lisa actively creates task schedules and ensures everyone is on track.
5. Emily:
- Cognitive component: Emily believes that fairness and equity should guide decision-making within the group.
- Affective component: Emily feels strongly about justice and equality in the group's interactions.
- Behavioral component: Emily actively speaks up against any unfair practices and supports inclusive practices.
1.2.1.1. Job satisfaction refers to an individual's attitude or emotional response towards their job. It can be defined as the extent to which an individual feels content, fulfilled, and happy with their work.
1.2.1.2. Organizational commitment refers to an employee's loyalty, identification, and attachment to their organization. It represents the degree to which an individual feels a sense of belonging, involvement, and dedication to their organization and its goals.
1.2.2. To evaluate the level of satisfaction in the group, the team leader can use various methods such as surveys, interviews, or observation. Examples of satisfaction levels in the group could include:
- High satisfaction: If group members express positive emotions towards their work, actively participate in discussions and decision-making, and report high levels of contentment and fulfillment.
- Medium satisfaction: If group members show moderate engagement and involvement in their tasks, have occasional concerns but overall have a neutral or slightly positive attitude towards their work.
- Low satisfaction: If group members exhibit signs of disengagement, lack of motivation, and express negative emotions towards their work, such as frustration or boredom.
1.2.3. During the interviews to identify each member's type of commitment to the group, the following could be identified from each member:
- Lerato (normative commitment): Lerato believes that she has no choice but to work with the group and that it is the only way she can pass the module. She feels obligated and has a sense of responsibility towards the group's success.
Practical example: Lerato consistently attends group meetings, actively contributes to discussions, and takes on additional tasks voluntarily because she wants to fulfill her commitment to the group.
Overall, normative commitment is characterized by a sense of duty and obligation to remain loyal and fulfill obligations to the group or organization.
1.3.1. Each group member's value orientation and relevant examples to support the chosen orientation:
- Thato (religious orientation): Thato is a religious person and always wants the group to start meetings with a prayer. She believes that seeking guidance from God through prayer provides the wisdom to work effectively.
Relevant example: Thato always insists on incorporating ethical principles based on her religious beliefs into the group's decision-making process.
By considering the religious orientation, Thato places importance on spiritual values, ethics, and moral principles in the workplace.
(Note: The examples and orientations mentioned are hypothetical and should be adjusted based on the context of the group and its members.)
1.1.1. The three components of an attitude according to industrial psychology are:
1. Cognitive Component: This component refers to the beliefs, thoughts, and knowledge that a person has about a particular object, person, or situation. It involves the individual's understanding and evaluation of the subject matter.
2. Affective Component: This component relates to the emotional or feeling aspect of an attitude. It reflects the individual's emotions, likes, or dislikes towards a particular object, person, or situation.
3. Behavioral Component: This component involves the actions or behaviors that are associated with an attitude. It signifies how an individual tends to behave or act based on their attitudes.
1.1.2. Here are examples of the three components of an attitude as they relate to five people who may be in a group:
1. John (cognitive component): John believes that teamwork is essential for achieving success. He thinks that collaboration and sharing of ideas lead to better outcomes.
(affective component): John feels motivated and enthusiastic when working with a supportive and collaborative team.
(behavioral component): John actively participates in team discussions, shares his ideas, and supports others in their work.
2. Mary (cognitive component): Mary has a negative belief about change management strategies. She thinks that changes often lead to chaos and uncertainty.
(affective component): Mary feels anxious and worried when there are discussions about implementing new changes.
(behavioral component): Mary resists change and shows reluctance in accepting new approaches.
3. David (cognitive component): David believes in a flexible work schedule. He thinks that having the freedom to manage his time and prioritize tasks leads to increased productivity.
(affective component): David feels satisfied and motivated when he can work in a flexible environment.
(behavioral component): David adjusts his work hours based on personal preferences and completes tasks efficiently.
4. Sarah (cognitive component): Sarah has a positive view of diversity and inclusion. She believes that having a diverse team with different perspectives and backgrounds enhances creativity and problem-solving.
(affective component): Sarah feels proud and appreciates being part of a diverse team.
(behavioral component): Sarah actively seeks opportunities to learn from others with different backgrounds and encourages inclusion in team discussions.
5. Michael (cognitive component): Michael has a strong belief in the importance of work-life balance. He thinks that maintaining a balance between work and personal life leads to overall well-being and productivity.
(affective component): Michael feels content and fulfilled when he can manage his workload while also dedicating time to personal hobbies and relationships.
(behavioral component): Michael sets clear boundaries between work and personal life, takes breaks when needed, and encourages others to prioritize self-care.
1.2.1.1. Job satisfaction refers to an individual's subjective perception and evaluation of their job or work environment. It is influenced by various factors such as the nature of the work, the work-life balance, relationships with colleagues and superiors, opportunities for growth, and recognition for achievements (Robbins & Judge, 2018).
1.2.1.2. Organizational commitment refers to an individual's psychological attachment and dedication to their organization. It involves identifying with the goals and values of the organization, a willingness to put in effort and maintain membership, and a desire to stay with the organization for a longer duration (Robbins & Judge, 2018).
1.2.2. The level of satisfaction in the group can vary depending on each member's perception and experience. Examples that may validate the answer are:
- John expresses high job satisfaction as he enjoys the challenging nature of the tasks assigned and feels motivated by the positive feedback received from the team.
- Mary, on the other hand, may have low job satisfaction due to a lack of recognition for her contributions and limited opportunities for growth.
1.2.3. During the interviews, each member's type of commitment to the group can be identified through their responses and behaviors. Practical examples may include:
- Lerato (normative commitment): Lerato demonstrates normative commitment by believing that she has no choice but to work with the group in order to pass the module. She shows a sense of duty and adherence to the group's norms and values.
- Sarah (affective commitment): Sarah expresses affectionate commitment by displaying a strong emotional attachment and loyalty to the group. She actively supports and promotes the group's goals and shows dedication and enthusiasm in her interactions with other members.
- Michael (continuance commitment): Michael exhibits continuance commitment by perceiving a high personal cost if he were to leave the group. He may mention reasons such as maintaining professional relationships, fear of loss of benefits, or the need for stability and financial security associated with group membership.