Which of the following was a change brought upon by the Enlightenment?
restriction of opportunities depending on class
absolute power of the Church
maintenance of religious practices over science and the arts
separation of Church and State
separation of Church and State
The change brought upon by the Enlightenment was the separation of Church and State.
The change brought upon by the Enlightenment was the separation of Church and State. To determine the correct answer, we need to understand what the Enlightenment was and its impact on society.
The Enlightenment was a philosophical and intellectual movement that took place in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. It emphasized reason, science, and individualism, challenging traditional authority and promoting ideas of liberty, equality, and progress.
Now, let's consider the options:
1. Restriction of opportunities depending on class: The Enlightenment aimed to challenge class-based systems and promote the idea that all individuals should have equal opportunities. It sought to break down the social hierarchies and expand access to education, knowledge, and opportunities. Therefore, it is unlikely that the Enlightenment brought about the restriction of opportunities based on class.
2. Absolute power of the Church: The Enlightenment was characterized by a growing skepticism towards traditional authorities, including the Church. It promoted the idea that power should be based on reason and individual rights, as opposed to being solely in the hands of religious institutions. Therefore, the Enlightenment did not support the absolute power of the Church.
3. Maintenance of religious practices over science and the arts: The Enlightenment fostered an emphasis on reason, evidence-based thinking, and the promotion of scientific discovery. It encouraged critical thinking and challenged the dominance of religious dogma over scientific inquiry and the arts. Therefore, the Enlightenment did not advocate for the maintenance of religious practices over science and the arts.
4. Separation of Church and State: The Enlightenment strongly advocated for the separation of Church and State. It argued that religion should not control or dictate the policies and governance of the government. Instead, the state should be guided by reason, laws, and the will of the people. The separation of Church and State is a defining principle of Enlightenment philosophy and one of its significant contributions to modern liberal democracies.
Therefore, among the given options, the change brought upon by the Enlightenment is the separation of Church and State.