- conditioning applies to voluntary responses that an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome
A-Classical
B-Operant
C-Negative
D-Positive
B-Operant
The correct answer is B-Operant conditioning. Operant conditioning involves voluntary responses that an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome. In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow them.
The correct answer is B- Operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a type of learning that involves voluntary behaviors performed by an organism to obtain a desirable outcome or consequence. In operant conditioning, the organism learns to associate its behavior with the consequences that follow. These consequences can be positive or negative, depending on whether they increase or decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring again in the future.
To arrive at the correct answer, let's look at the options:
A- Classical conditioning: Classical conditioning is a type of learning that involves involuntary, reflexive behaviors that occur in response to stimuli. It is based on the association between a neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
B- Operant conditioning: As mentioned earlier, operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors that an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome. This option aligns with the given description, so it is the correct answer.
C- Negative conditioning: "Negative" is not a term commonly used to describe a type of conditioning. It is important to note that the terms "negative" and "positive" have specific meanings in psychology but are not used in isolation to describe a specific type of conditioning.
D- Positive conditioning: Similarly, "positive" is not a type of conditioning on its own. The term "positive" refers to the addition of a stimulus following a behavior, but it does not stand alone as a separate type of conditioning.
To summarize, operant conditioning fits the given description of voluntary behaviors performed deliberately to produce a desirable outcome. Therefore, the correct answer is B- Operant conditioning.