Differentiate between the lysogenic and lytic cycles.(1 point)
Responses

The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.
The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.

The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle.
The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle.

The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle.
The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle.

Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle.
Viral proteins are not synthesized during the lysogenic cycle.
The correct answer is:
- The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.
- The virus injects DNA into the host cell during the lysogenic cycle.
- The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle.
- Viral proteins are synthesized during the lysogenic cycle.
To differentiate between the lysogenic and lytic cycles, we need to understand their characteristics and processes.
1. Lytic Cycle:
- In the lytic cycle, the virus injects its DNA into the host cell.
- The viral DNA takes over the host cell's machinery, instructing it to produce viral components.
- The host cell's DNA replication and protein synthesis machinery are hijacked to produce more viruses.
- The viral components assemble, and new viruses are released from the host cell.
- The host cell is ultimately destroyed as a result of the viral replication and release.
2. Lysogenic Cycle:
- In the lysogenic cycle, the virus injects its DNA into the host cell but does not immediately take over the cell's machinery.
- Instead, the viral DNA integrates into the host cell's DNA, becoming part of the host's genome. This integrated viral DNA is called a prophage.
- The host cell continues to replicate normally, copying both its own DNA and the integrated viral DNA during cell division.
- The viral DNA is passively replicated along with the host DNA, ensuring its inheritance in daughter cells.
- At some point, the lysogenic cycle can switch to the lytic cycle, triggering the activation of the prophage and the initiation of viral replication and release.
So, to summarize:
- The host cell is destroyed during the lytic cycle.
- The virus injects its DNA into the host cell during both the lysogenic and lytic cycles.
- The host cell copies its own DNA during the lytic cycle, while it replicates both its own DNA and the integrated viral DNA during the lysogenic cycle.
- Viral proteins are synthesized during the lytic cycle, but not actively in the lysogenic cycle.