based on the information in this excerpt, what can be inferred about the effects the war between France and England had on the United States? Select all that apply.

a. The attacks on American shipping vessels lead to a build up of an American naval force.
b. The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war, lead to the inability of Congress to function.
c. The work convinced the United States to not trade with Europe.
d. The unwillingness of the French two -8 brought about a time period of distrust of the French directory.

a. The attacks on American shipping vessels lead to a build-up of an American naval force.

c. The war convinced the United States to not trade with Europe.
d. The unwillingness of the French to stop attacking American ships brought about a time period of distrust of the French directory.

Based on the information provided in the excerpt, the following inferences can be made about the effects the war between France and England had on the United States:

a. The attacks on American shipping vessels lead to a build-up of an American naval force.
d. The unwillingness of the French two -8 brought about a time period of distrust of the French directory.

Therefore, options a and d can be inferred from the given information.

To accurately answer this question, we need to analyze the given excerpt and identify the information that can be inferred about the effects of the war between France and England on the United States. Let's break it down:

Excerpt:
- Attacks on American shipping vessels
- Disagreements between political parties
- Work leading to a decision on trade with Europe
- Unwillingness of the French directory

Now let's determine what can be inferred from this information:

a. The attacks on American shipping vessels lead to a build-up of an American naval force.
This can be inferred from the information given. The attacks on American shipping vessels suggest a need for increased protection, which would likely result in a build-up of the American naval force. Therefore, this statement is plausible.

b. The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war lead to the inability of Congress to function.
The excerpt does not explicitly mention any disagreements between political parties leading to Congress's inability to function. So, this statement cannot be inferred from the given information.

c. The work convinced the United States to not trade with Europe.
The excerpt does not provide any information about the work convincing the United States to cease trading with Europe. Therefore, this statement cannot be inferred from the given information.

d. The unwillingness of the French directory brought about a time period of distrust of the French directory.
From the excerpt, we can infer that the unwillingness of the French directory contributed to a period of distrust towards them. Therefore, this statement is plausible.

Based on the analysis, the inferences that can be made from the given excerpt about the effects of the war are:

a. The attacks on American shipping vessels lead to a build-up of an American naval force.
d. The unwillingness of the French directory brought about a time period of distrust of the French directory.

Therefore, options a and d are the correct choices.