[1 Point] (Question 3): How did McCulloch v. Maryland establish the implied powers doctrine? Please explain your answer.
Answer 1A: It allowed Congress to collect taxes even though it was not expressed in the Constitution.
Answer 2B: It allowed Congress to declare war even though it was not expressed in the Constitution.
Answer 3C: It allowed Congress to create national Back even though it was not constitution.
Answer 4D: It allowed Congress to establish a post office even though it was not expressed in the Constitution.
The correct answer is 3C: It allowed Congress to create a national bank even though it was not expressed in the Constitution.
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the implied power to create a national bank. The case involved a dispute between the state of Maryland and the Second Bank of the United States. Maryland had imposed a tax on the bank, arguing that the Constitution did not explicitly grant Congress the power to establish such an institution.
Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for the Court, held that while the power to establish a national bank was not explicitly stated in the Constitution, it was an implied power that Congress possessed in order to carry out its enumerated powers. He argued that the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, also known as the Elastic Clause, allowed Congress to take any action necessary and proper to fulfill its constitutional duties.
Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland established the implied powers doctrine, which holds that the federal government can take actions that are not explicitly granted by the Constitution if those actions are within the scope of its enumerated powers. This ruling expanded the power of the federal government and enabled it to engage in various activities not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
The correct answer is: Option A - It allowed Congress to collect taxes even though it was not expressed in the Constitution.
Explanation: McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1819 that dealt with the powers of the federal government versus those of the states. The case centered around the constitutionality of a Maryland state law that imposed a tax on the Second Bank of the United States, a federally chartered bank. Chief Justice John Marshall, who delivered the majority opinion, established the implied powers doctrine in this case.
According to Marshall, even though the power to establish a national bank was not explicitly written in the Constitution, it could be reasonably implied from the express powers granted to Congress. Marshall argued that the Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause or the Implied Powers Clause, gave Congress the authority to take actions that were necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated powers.
In the case of the national bank, Marshall held that Congress had the implied power to create it in order to manage the national economy, facilitate commerce, and provide a stable currency. By establishing the implied powers doctrine, McCulloch v. Maryland affirmed the broader interpretation of federal power, allowing Congress to exercise powers that were not explicitly listed in the Constitution but reasonably implied from its enumerated powers.
The correct answer is option C: It allowed Congress to create a national bank even though it was not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Now, let's dive into the explanation of McCulloch v. Maryland and how it established the implied powers doctrine.
McCulloch v. Maryland was a landmark Supreme Court case decided in 1819. The case involved a dispute between the state of Maryland and the Second Bank of the United States. Maryland wanted to tax the bank in order to protect local banks and prevent the federal government from having too much power. However, the bank's cashier, James McCulloch, refused to pay the tax.
The main issue at hand was whether the creation of a national bank was within Congress's constitutional powers. The Constitution did not explicitly authorize the creation of a national bank, so the case revolved around the concept of implied powers.
The Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled in favor of McCulloch and the national bank. In the Court's opinion, Marshall argued that Congress had the power to establish the bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause. This clause, found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, states that Congress has the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers.
By interpreting the Necessary and Proper Clause broadly, the Court established the concept of implied powers. It held that the creation of a national bank was an implied power of Congress, as it was necessary and proper to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities.
This ruling had broader implications beyond the specific case of the national bank. It set a precedent that expanded the powers of Congress beyond those explicitly listed in the Constitution. This became known as the implied powers doctrine.
In summary, McCulloch v. Maryland established the implied powers doctrine by upholding Congress's power to create a national bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause. This ruling set a precedent for interpreting the Constitution's grant of powers to Congress more broadly, allowing for the exercise of implied powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution.