Urea Concentration in Blood
Urea Concentration in Dialysate
Blood
Dialysate
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
90
74
58
42
26
I
II
III
IV
V
64
48
32
16
0
Diffuses into Blood
Equilibrium
Diffuses into Dialysate
With countercurrent flow, diffusion happened in all regions of the filter. Explain why.
With countercurrent flow, the blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions. This creates a concentration gradient between the blood and dialysate, allowing for the diffusion of urea. In each region of the filter, the concentration of urea in the blood is higher than in the dialysate, so urea diffuses from the region of higher concentration (blood) to the region of lower concentration (dialysate). This diffusion continues to occur in all regions of the filter as the blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions, maintaining the concentration gradient and allowing for continuous diffusion.
Urea diffused in all regions of the filter during countercurrent flow.
Using what you know about the sizes of urea and potassium, which graph shows what would happen to potassium during countercurrent flow?
Diffuse in all regions of the filter.
Diffuse until equilibrium is reached in regions III, IV, V.
Explain your answer.
Type your answer here
Based on what I know about the sizes of urea and potassium, I would expect that potassium would also diffuse in all regions of the filter during countercurrent flow. This is because both urea and potassium are small molecules that can freely pass through the pores of the filter. As the blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions, a concentration gradient is created for potassium as well. Therefore, just like urea, potassium would diffuse from regions of higher concentration (blood) to regions of lower concentration (dialysate) in all regions of the filter. However, I would also expect that potassium would reach equilibrium in regions III, IV, and V, as mentioned in the description. This means that the concentration of potassium in the blood and dialysate would become equal in these regions, and no further diffusion of potassium would occur beyond that point.
Countercurrent
Normal
Before Dialysis
After Dialysis
Body Mass (kg)
81-82
83.91
81.65
Body Mass Reduction
At the end of the countercurrent flow, Anthony's mass had decreased to reach the goal.
What caused the decrease in Anthony's mass?
Type your answer here
The decrease in Anthony's mass was caused by the process of dialysis. Dialysis is a medical procedure that removes excess fluid and waste products from the body, particularly in cases of kidney failure. During dialysis, Anthony's blood was passed through a filter where waste products, such as urea and excess fluids, were removed. This resulted in a reduction in Anthony's body mass, as the excess fluid was removed from his blood and subsequently from his body.
During parallel flow there was a concentration gradient for albumin in all regions of the filter. The same was true for counter current flow.
Blood
Dialysate
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV
Region V
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
I
II
III
IV
V
0
0
0
0
0
Why did albumin not diffuse into the dialysate?