How were many of the treaties signed between Indigenous communities and the American government unfair?(1 point)
Responses
These treaties ignored the indigenous people and only focused on dividing land between European countries.
These treaties ignored the indigenous people and only focused on dividing land between European countries.
These treaties took away land and gave it to American colonizers. They also did not allow Indigenous people to practice their own cultures.
These treaties took away land and gave it to American colonizers. They also did not allow Indigenous people to practice their own cultures.
These treaties took away land and gave it to other Indigenous communities. They also did not allow Indigenous people to practice their own cultures.
These treaties took away land and gave it to other Indigenous communities. They also did not allow Indigenous people to practice their own cultures.
These treaties were fair. Indigenous people were treated with respect in determining the bargains.
The correct answer is the first three responses. These treaties were unfair because they ignored the rights and needs of Indigenous peoples and only focused on dividing land between European countries or American colonizers. Additionally, they often took away land from Indigenous communities and did not allow them to practice their own cultures.
You can only pick one
If I have to choose only one, then the correct answer would be:
- These treaties took away land and gave it to American colonizers. They also did not allow Indigenous people to practice their own cultures.
How were European-owned coffee and sugar plantations in Hawaii a threat to their sovereignty?(1 point)
Responses
These plantations forced Indigenous people to trap furs or their families would be killed.
These plantations forced Indigenous people to trap furs or their families would be killed.
These plantations were not a threat to tribal sovereignty.
These plantations were not a threat to tribal sovereignty.
These plantations helped grow the tribal economy.
These plantations helped grow the tribal economy.
These plantations forced Indigenous people off the land they had lived on for generations.
The correct answer is:
- These plantations forced Indigenous people off the land they had lived on for generations.
How were Indigenous peoples treated after Mexican independence?(1 point)
Responses
Indigenous peoples lost the protections they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Cruelty increased and, in some ways, circumstances were worse for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
Indigenous peoples lost the protections they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Cruelty increased and, in some ways, circumstances were worse for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
Indigenous peoples gained more protections than they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Cruelty decreased and, in some ways, circumstances were better for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
Indigenous peoples gained more protections than they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Cruelty decreased and, in some ways, circumstances were better for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
ndigenous peoples gained more protections than they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Cruelty increased and, in some ways, circumstances were worse for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
ndigenous peoples gained more protections than they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Cruelty increased and, in some ways, circumstances were worse for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
Indigenous peoples lost the protections they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Despite this, cruelty decreased and, in some ways, circumstances were better for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
The correct answer is:
- Indigenous peoples lost the protections they had been given under the Spanish colonial government. Cruelty increased and, in some ways, circumstances were worse for them than during the Spanish colonial government.
How did European colonizers use racism to justify their cruelty to Indigenous people?(1 point)
Responses
European colonizers believed they were “superior” to no one, which justified their cruelty.
European colonizers believed they were “superior” to no one, which justified their cruelty.
European colonizers were not racist or cruel to Indigenous people.
European colonizers were not racist or cruel to Indigenous people.
European colonizers molded their society and institutions to benefit themselves, not others.
European colonizers molded their society and institutions to benefit themselves, not others.
European colonizers molded their society and institutions to benefit Indigenous people, not others.
The correct answer is:
- European colonizers molded their society and institutions to benefit themselves, not others.
Which best describes the Stamp Act?(1 point)
Responses
It put a tax on products such as newspapers, dice, legal documents, and playing cards.
It put a tax on products such as newspapers, dice, legal documents, and playing cards.
It forbade colonists from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.
It forbade colonists from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.
It forced Americans to purchase only British products.
It forced Americans to purchase only British products.
It forced colonists to house and feed British soldiers at their own expense.
The correct answer is:
- It put a tax on products such as newspapers, dice, legal documents, and playing cards.
Which group immediately benefited the most from the American Revolution?(1 point)
Responses
Women
Loyalists
White nonlandowning males
Black Americans
The correct answer is:
- White nonlandowning males
Absolute rulers claimed which of the following?(1 point)
Responses
That all people had an absolute right to free speech.
That there should be absolutely no restrictions on trade.
That they had absolute political authority.
That the right of the people to freedom of religion was absolute.
The correct answer is:
- That they had absolute political authority.
Which of the following contributed to the emergence of independence movements in Latin America?(1 point)
Responses
The Napoleonic Wars.
The Enlightenment.
The Industrial Revolution.
The American Civil War.
The correct answer is:
- The Napoleonic Wars.
Which idea had the greatest influence on the Haitian independence movement?(1 point)
Responses
Religious rights.
Equality.
Free trade.
Freedom from excessive taxation.
The correct answer is:
- Equality.
Which statement best reflects the beliefs of the author of this quote? “A firm union will be of the utmost moment to the peace and liberty of the States, as a barrier against domestic faction and insurrection.”(1 point)
Responses
The author did not anticipate that the Constitutional Convention would lead to the Great Debate.
The author likely believed that a federal government would not help the U.S.
The author worried about political arguments between Americans and wanted to stop them.
The author likely believed that a federal government was in the best interests of the U.S.
The correct answer is:
- The author likely believed that a federal government was in the best interests of the U.S.
Why did early American political leaders want to ensure they had a combination of democratic and republican structures in the U.S. government?(1 point)
Responses
Enlightenment thinkers had warned them against using only one of those forms of government alone.
They could not decide whether the Greeks or the Romans had done a better job with their government and used both.
They believed it was important to allow people some voice in their government, but wanted to ensure the right people maintained power.
They did not want to allow the American people the opportunity to participate in the government at all.
The correct answer is:
- Enlightenment thinkers had warned them against using only one of those forms of government alone.
Which of the following best explains the impact of Greek and Roman democracies on how the US legislative, judiciary and executive branches function?(1 point)
Responses
The writers of the U.S. Constitution took inspiration from Greece and Rome but adapted the ancient ideas to create a mixed government system of their own.
While the writers of the U.S. Constitution were familiar with Greek and Roman political ideas, they avoided implementing these into their government.
The U.S. branches of government are structured almost identically to their parallels in ancient Greece and Rome and function the same way as well.
Early American political leaders did not understand ancient Greek and Roman political ideas; any similarities between those and the U.S. are coincidence.
The correct answer is:
- The writers of the U.S. Constitution took inspiration from Greece and Rome but adapted the ancient ideas to create a mixed government system of their own.
Which of the following best explains how the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions are related?(1 point)
Responses
The revolt of enslaved people in Haiti inspired the French people of the Third Estate to write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The American colonists wrote the Declaration of Independence in response.
King George III had to raise taxes to pay his debts from the French Revolution. The Americans wrote the Declaration of Independence in response to the Coercive Acts and new taxes, which inspired a revolt of enslaved people in Haiti.
Debt from supporting the American Revolution led King Louis XVI to raise taxes at the Estates-General. The Third Estate objected to new taxes and wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The declaration inspired a revolt of the enslaved population in Haiti.
French plantation owners in Haiti followed the example of the American colonists and declared independence from France. King Louis XVI had to raise taxes to fight the Haitian Revolution. The Third Estate objected to new taxes and wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
The correct answer is:
- French plantation owners in Haiti followed the example of the American colonists and declared independence from France. King Louis XVI had to raise taxes to fight the Haitian Revolution. The Third Estate objected to new taxes and wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Which Enlightenment ideas were a major factor in causing the American Revolution?(1 point)
Responses
Capitalism.
The ideas of Thomas Hobbes.
Separation of Powers.
Equal Rights for Men and Women
The correct answer is:
- The ideas of Thomas Hobbes.
The Enlightenment philosopher Thomas Hobbes, an influential thinker during the Enlightenment period, emphasized the social contract and the idea of natural rights, which were central to the American Revolution.
What is a general conclusion that can be drawn regarding the effects of political revolutions in the Americas during the colonial period?(1 point)
Responses
Political revolutions in the Americas promoted only push factors of migration in each of the affected regions. These factors were influenced by political, economic, and cultural features associated with each revolution.
Political revolutions in the Americas promoted push and pull factors of migration in each of the affected regions. These factors were supported by those who praised the heroic efforts of an oppressed people fighting for their freedom from colonial masters.
Political revolutions in the Americas promoted push and pull factors of migration in each of the affected regions. These factors were influenced by political, economic, and cultural features associated with each revolution.
Political revolutions in the Americas promoted push and pull factors of migration in each of the affected regions. These factors were caused by revolutions that were fought regionally and not as one general war of independence.
The correct answer is:
- Political revolutions in the Americas promoted push and pull factors of migration in each of the affected regions. These factors were influenced by political, economic, and cultural features associated with each revolution.
Explain how people were living in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans. (6 points)
Before the arrival of Europeans, the Americas were populated by a diverse range of Indigenous peoples who had lived on the land for thousands of years. Their cultures, lifestyles, and ways of governance varied greatly among different tribes and nations throughout North, Central, and South America. Here are six key points about pre-European civilizations in the Americas:
1. Indigenous American societies were highly diverse: There were numerous Indigenous groups with their own unique languages, religious beliefs, social structures, and economic systems. They inhabited various environments such as forests, deserts, plains, and mountains.
2. Agriculture and farming: Many Indigenous societies practiced advanced agricultural techniques. Major civilizations such as the Maya, Inca, and Aztec developed sophisticated agricultural systems, growing crops like maize, beans, squash, and potatoes.
3. Advanced civilizations: Some civilizations achieved high levels of social organization and cultural development. The Maya, for instance, built elaborate cities with impressive architecture, advanced calendrical systems, and a complex hieroglyphic writing system.
4. Sustainable land management: Indigenous peoples had intimate relationships with their environments and practiced sustainable land management techniques. They utilized knowledge of ecosystems and practiced agriculture, hunting, and gathering in ways that sustained their communities while preserving nature.
5. Trade and commerce: Networks of trade and commerce existed among Indigenous groups across the Americas. They exchanged goods, such as food, textiles, pottery, and tools, over long distances and engaged in regional and interregional trade.
6. Spiritual beliefs and ceremonies: Indigenous peoples had rich spiritual beliefs and practiced various forms of religious and ceremonial traditions. These beliefs were often deeply intertwined with the natural world and respected the connections between humans and the environment.
It is essential to note that the diversity and complexity of pre-European Indigenous societies cannot be captured fully within these six points. The Americas were home to countless distinct civilizations, tribes, and nations, each with its own unique characteristics and contributions to the rich tapestry of Indigenous cultures.
Explain the common causes of the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions.
The American, French, and Haitian Revolutions were distinct events that occurred in different parts of the world and had unique circumstances. However, there were several common causes that contributed to these revolutions. Here are some of the shared causes among these historical events:
1. Enlightenment Ideals: One significant common cause was the influence of Enlightenment philosophy. Thinkers like John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Montesquieu spread ideas of natural rights, social contract theory, and the need for representative government. These ideas challenged the absolute authority of monarchies and influenced people's desire for political change.
2. Social Inequality and Discontent: Societal inequality was a crucial factor in all three revolutions. In the American colonies, settlers bristled under British colonial rule, feeling their rights were being unjustly denied. In France, the rigid social structure placed significant burdens on the lower classes, who faced extreme poverty and limited political representation. In Haiti, enslaved Africans and people of mixed race were subjected to severe oppression and sought freedom from their French colonizers.
3. Economic Issues: Economic factors were also common causes. In the American colonies, colonists resented British taxation policies and trade regulations that limited their economic opportunities. In France, the burden of taxation fell disproportionately on the lower classes while the nobility enjoyed exemptions. In Haiti, the system of plantation slavery enriched French slaveholders while exploiting the labor of enslaved Africans.
4. Influence of the American Revolution: The success of the American Revolution had a profound impact on both the French and Haitian Revolutions. The ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy that emerged from the American Revolution served as inspiration for the French revolutionaries who sought to overthrow the monarchy. The Haitian Revolution drew inspiration from both the American and French Revolutions, as enslaved Africans saw the possibility of overthrowing their oppressors and achieving their own freedom.
5. Political Unrest and Dissatisfaction: Political unrest and dissatisfaction with the existing systems of government were prevalent in all three cases. The colonists in America, the Third Estate in France, and the enslaved population in Haiti were all dissatisfied with the prevailing political order and sought to establish new forms of governance that reflected their ideals and protected their rights.
While each revolution had its unique context and outcomes, these common causes demonstrate the interconnectedness of these events and the broader spirit of revolutionary fervor during this period in history.
Explain the effects of the political revolutions in the Americas.
The political revolutions in the Americas had profound effects on the region, shaping the course of history and leaving a lasting impact on society, politics, and culture. Here are some of the notable effects of these revolutions:
1. Independence and Nation-Building: One of the primary effects of these revolutions was the establishment of independent nations. The American Revolution led to the formation of the United States, while the French Revolution saw the rise of a republic in France. In Haiti, the successful slave revolt resulted in the establishment of the first independent Black republic in the Western Hemisphere. These events marked the end of colonial rule and set the stage for the modern nation-states we see today in the Americas.
2. Spread of Republicanism and Liberal Ideals: The revolutions promoted the spread of republican and liberal ideals across the Americas. The successful establishment of republican governments in the United States and France inspired people in other regions to seek political change. The ideas of popular sovereignty, individual rights, and the rule of law gained prominence, influencing subsequent movements for independence and political reform in Latin America.
3. Abolition of Slavery: The Haitian Revolution had a significant impact on the abolitionist movement worldwide. It showed that enslaved Africans and people of African descent were capable of successfully overthrowing their oppressors. The Haitian Revolution played a crucial role in inspiring subsequent movements for the abolition of slavery in the Americas.
4. Social and Political Reforms: The revolutions brought about significant social and political reforms. In the United States, the American Revolution led to the creation of a new constitution and the Bill of Rights, which enshrined key democratic principles and protected individual liberties. In France, the French Revolution brought about sweeping changes, including the abolition of feudalism and the establishment of a more egalitarian society.
5. Spread of Nationalism: The revolutions fostered a sense of nationalism among the newly independent nations. People developed a strong sense of identity as citizens of their respective countries, and national pride became an important aspect of collective consciousness.
6. Influence on Future Revolutions: These revolutions served as inspirations and models for future revolutionary movements around the world. The American and French Revolutions, in particular, became symbols of the power of ordinary people to overthrow oppressive regimes and fight for their rights and independence.
Overall, the political revolutions in the Americas reshaped the political, social, and cultural landscape of the region. They sparked a transformational era of nation-building, the spread of democratic ideals, and the dismantling of oppressive systems. Their effects continue to be felt to this day, shaping the societies and institutions of the Americas.