9. An asteroid approaches Jupiter and is slung into a new trajectory around across the solar system. If it's eccentricity is greater than 1, which statement might be true?
The asteroid slows down as it passes around Jupiter.
The asteroid continues out of the solar system, never to return.
The asteroid adopts an unusual orbit around the sun, such as an egg shape.
The asteroid falls into an regular orbit around Jupiter instead of the sun.
10. The mass of an object doubles. What happens to the gravitational force between it and another object, assuming they remain the same distance apart?
The amount of the gravitational force decreases by one-half.
The amount of the gravitational force quadruples.
The amount of the gravitational force doubles.
The amount of the gravitational force remains the same.
11. Based on Kepler's observations about planetary motion, what is the relationship between a planet's orbital velocity and its distance from the sun?
The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity.
Distance has no effect on orbital velocity.
The greater the distance, the greater the orbital velocity.
As distance is cut in half, orbital velocity decreases.
12. Why was the geocentric model accepted for more than a thousand years?
It correctly explained the motion of the planets.
It correctly described the solar system.
It was confirmed by astronomers using telescopes.
It correctly explained the distribution of the stars.
13. Select the correct answer to complete the sentence. Gravitational force is said to be universal because:
it operates in one direction.
it operates only within our solar system.
it applies mainly to planets and moons.
it applies to all objects.
14. Select the correct words to fill in the blanks to this sentence: As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the gravity pull from the sun pulls _________on the planet and the planet's speed _________.
*
1 point
forwards, decreases
backwards, decreases
backwards, increases
forwards, increases
15. Why is it important that Earth’s orbit is nearly circular?
*
1 point
This prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit.
This allows for massive temperature fluctuations that occur with a more circular orbit.
This prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more circular orbit.
This allows for gravitational fluctuations that occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit.
16. As the MASS of an object increases, its gravitational force ___________.
decreases
increases
stays the same
17. Why were Tycho Brahe's data and observations important for Kepler's laws?
They proved one of the laws to be true.
They disproved the laws.
They provided evidence to support the laws.
They had no relation to the laws.
18. The acceleration of a satellite can be derived by equating the universal gravitational force and the centripetal force.
True
False
19. Which is the LEAST eccentric orbit?
e=0.001
e=0.90
e=1
e=0.25
20. There are two objects close to each other. If the mass of one of the objects is doubled while the distance remains the same, how does the gravitational force change?
It becomes four times stronger
It becomes half as strong
It remains the same
It becomes twice as strong
21. Which two things affect gravitational force between objects?
Mass and distance
Mass and cellular composition
Mass and shape
Distance and shape
22. Which of the eight planets in the solar system has the most elliptical orbit?
Venus
Earth
Mars
Mercury
23. Where is the sun located on Earth’s elliptical orbit?
at the aphelium
at the perihelium
at a focus
at the center of the two foci
24. According to Newton’s Laws of Motion objects will continue in a straight line at a constant _________ unless acted on by an outside _____________.
location, planet
speed, force
speed, time
location, force
25. The diagram below shows a model of the solar system. Which of the following statements is correct about this model?
This is the heliocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Aristotle.
This is the geocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Kepler.
This is the heliocentric model of the solar system and it was created by Kepler.
This is the geocentric model of the solar system and
it was created by Aristotle.
- If the eccentricity of an asteroid approaching Jupiter is greater than 1, the statement that might be true is: The asteroid continues out of the solar system, never to return.
- When the mass of an object doubles while the distance between it and another object remains the same, the gravitational force between them also doubles.
- Based on Kepler's observations, the relationship between a planet's orbital velocity and its distance from the sun is: The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity.
- The geocentric model was accepted for more than a thousand years because it correctly explained the motion of the planets.
- Gravitational force is said to be universal because it applies to all objects.
- As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the gravity pull from the sun pulls backwards on the planet and the planet's speed decreases.
- Earth's nearly circular orbit is important because it prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit.
- As the mass of an object increases, its gravitational force increases.
- Tycho Brahe's data and observations were important for Kepler's laws because they provided evidence to support the laws.
- The statement "The acceleration of a satellite can be derived by equating the universal gravitational force and the centripetal force" is true.
- The least eccentric orbit is e=0.001.
- If the mass of one of the objects is doubled while the distance remains the same, the gravitational force between them becomes four times stronger.
- Gravitational force between objects is affected by mass and distance.
- Mercury, out of the eight planets in the solar system, has the most elliptical orbit.
- The sun is located at a focus on Earth's elliptical orbit.
- According to Newton's Laws of Motion, objects will continue in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted on by an outside force.
- The diagram provided shows the heliocentric model of the solar system, which was created by Kepler.
To get the answers to the questions:
9. An eccentricity greater than 1 indicates that the asteroid's trajectory is highly elongated. In this case, the statement "The asteroid continues out of the solar system, never to return" might be true, as the asteroid's highly elongated orbit could take it far enough from the sun that it no longer interacts gravitationally with the solar system.
10. When the mass of an object doubles, the gravitational force between it and another object also doubles. So, the correct answer is "The amount of the gravitational force doubles."
11. According to Kepler's observations, the greater the distance of a planet from the sun, the slower its orbital velocity. So, the correct answer is "The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity."
12. The geocentric model, where Earth was believed to be the center of the universe and the planets and the sun revolved around it, was accepted for more than a thousand years because it correctly explained the apparent motion of the planets in the sky. So, the correct answer is "It correctly explained the motion of the planets."
13. Gravitational force is said to be universal because it applies to all objects, not just within our solar system. So, the correct answer is "it applies to all objects."
14. As a planet draws away from the sun in its orbit, the gravity pull from the sun pulls backwards on the planet and the planet's speed decreases. So, the correct answer is "backwards, decreases."
15. It is important that Earth's orbit is nearly circular because this prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit. So, the correct answer is "This prevents massive temperature fluctuations that could occur with a more extremely elliptical orbit."
16. As the mass of an object increases, its gravitational force also increases. So, the correct answer is "increases."
17. Tycho Brahe's data and observations were important for Kepler's laws because they provided evidence to support the laws. So, the correct answer is "They provided evidence to support the laws."
18. True. The acceleration of a satellite can be derived by equating the universal gravitational force and the centripetal force.
19. The least eccentric orbit is e=0.001, as a lower eccentricity value indicates a more circular orbit.
20. If the mass of one of the objects is doubled while the distance remains the same, the gravitational force between them also doubles. So, the correct answer is "It becomes twice as strong."
21. Gravitational force between objects is affected by their mass and distance. So, the correct answer is "Mass and distance."
22. Mercury has the most elliptical orbit among the eight planets in the solar system.
23. The sun is located at a focus of Earth's elliptical orbit.
24. According to Newton's Laws of Motion, objects will continue in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted on by an outside force.
25. The solar system model shown in the diagram is the heliocentric model, and it was created by Kepler.