In the diagram below, two objects of the same size and mass are released from rest at the starting position. Object 1 was released before Object 2 was released. The diagram below shows the positions of Objects 1 and 2 a short time after both were released.
Which object in the figure has the least amount of kinetic energy?
(1 point)
Responses
Object 1
Object 1
Object 2
Object 2
Both objects have the same amount of kinetic energy.
Both objects have the same amount of kinetic energy.
Neither object has any kinetic energy.
Neither object has any kinetic energy.
Question 5
5. An object’s gravitational potential energy depends on the object’s mass, the strength of the gravitational field, and what other variable?(1 point)
Responses
the color of the object
the color of the object
the object's height from the ground
the object's height from the ground
the shape of the object
the shape of the object
the speed of the object
the speed of the object
Question 6
6. If you are at an amusement park and you ride a slingshot, how does your potential energy compare to your kinetic energy at the top of the shot?
(1 point)
Responses
The kinetic energy is twice the amount of potential energy.
The kinetic energy is twice the amount of potential energy.
Kinetic energy is greater than potential energy.
Kinetic energy is greater than potential energy.
The kinetic energy is less than potential energy.
The kinetic energy is less than potential energy.
The kinetic energy and potential energy are the same.
The kinetic energy and potential energy are the same.
Question 7
7. In an investigation of energy transfer, a student observes a roller coaster at locations A, B, C, and D. Then she creates the graph below of the roller coaster’s potential and kinetic energy at each location.
Which statement is true according to the graph?
(1 point)
Responses
The roller coaster creates kinetic energy.
The roller coaster creates kinetic energy.
The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.
The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.
The roller coaster destroys potential energy.
The roller coaster destroys potential energy.
Potential energy increases, but kinetic energy does not change.
Potential energy increases, but kinetic energy does not change.
Question 8
8. The pendulum in the diagram below swings from position A to B.
If we don’t consider friction, what happens to the total mechanical energy as the pendulum swings from position A to position B?
(1 point)
Responses
It remains the same
It remains the same
It becomes greater.
It becomes greater.
It is not conserved
It is not conserved
It declines
It declines
Question 9
9. Rebecca climbs the ladder of a large water slide, waits her turn at the top, and then slides down the slide into a pool. Which answer best describes the energy changes during her time on the slide?(1 point)
Responses
kinetic → potential → kinetic
kinetic → potential → kinetic
kinetic → mechanical → potential
kinetic → mechanical → potential
potential → kinetic → potential
potential → kinetic → potential
potential → mechanical → kinetic
potential → mechanical → kinetic
Question 10
10. Kim is upstairs, but walks downstairs to the kitchen for a snack. Which statement correctly describes the types of energy she has at the top of the stairs and as she walks down the stairs?(1 point)
Responses
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
Question 11
11. The picture below shows a pinwheel that Bobby has in his front yard.
Often Bobby sees his pinwheel spinning, but other times it does not spin. Which statement best explains what makes his pinwheel spin?
(1 point)
Responses
Energy from the ground shakes the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
Energy from the ground shakes the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
The colors on the wheel repel one another, causing it to turn.
The colors on the wheel repel one another, causing it to turn.
Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
The Sun heats up the pinwheel, causing it to turn.
The Sun heats up the pinwheel, causing it to turn.
Question 12
12. Jennifer uses different forms of energy when she gets ready for school in the morning. Which table below correctly shows the forms of energy used in Jennifer's actions?(1 point)
Responses
Question 13
13. The picture illustrates the solar panels that power all of the appliances in Joshua's house. What energy transformations occur that enable Joshua to bake cookies for his family in the oven? (1 point)
Responses
light energy → electrical energy → heat energy
light energy → electrical energy → heat energy
heat energy → chemical energy → light energy
heat energy → chemical energy → light energy
light energy → electrical energy → chemical energy
light energy → electrical energy → chemical energy
heat energy → light energy → heat energy
heat energy → light energy → heat energy
Question 14
14. As energy is transferred or conserved, some of that energy becomes unavailable to do work. What happens to this unavailable energy?(1 point)
Responses
The unavailable energy is given off as microwaves
The unavailable energy is given off as microwaves
The unavailable energy is destroyed
The unavailable energy is destroyed
The unavailable energy is conducted
The unavailable energy is conducted
The unavailable energy is given off as heat
The unavailable energy is given off as heat
Question 15
15. Betsy uses an electric alarm clock to wake up for school. What energy transformation happens in the alarm clock to help her wake up?(1 point)
Responses
chemical energy converts to electrical energy
chemical energy converts to electrical energy
sound energy converts to kinetic energy
sound energy converts to kinetic energy
electrical energy converts to sound energy
electrical energy converts to sound energy
electrical energy converts to heat energy
electrical energy converts to heat energy
Question 16
16. An aluminum block has a starting temperature of 300oC. The block is placed into 200 milliliters of water, which has a temperature of 20oC. What heat transfer will occur?(1 point)
Responses
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature between 20 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature between 20 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both have a temperature of 300oC.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both have a temperature of 300oC.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature of 20 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature of 20 degrees Celcius.
Question 17
17. Two samples of pure water are mixed with food coloring. One sample is red, and the other is blue. When the two water samples are combined, the red water floats on top of the blue water. Which statement best explains this result? (1 point)
Responses
The red water is warmer and is less dense.
The red water is warmer and is less dense.
The red water is colder and is more dense.
The red water is colder and is more dense.
The blue water is colder and is less dense.
The blue water is colder and is less dense.
The blue water is warmer and is more dense.
The blue water is warmer and is more dense.
Question 18
18. Which investigation would best show the transfer of heat energy without any type of matter as a medium?(1 point)
Responses
an investigation of conduction using collisions between particles
an investigation of conduction using collisions between particles
an investigation of conduction through movement of particles within a solid
an investigation of conduction through movement of particles within a solid
an investigation of radiation using a current within a fluid
an investigation of radiation using a current within a fluid
an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves
an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves
Question 19
19. Convection ovens cook food more evenly than a standard thermal oven. Which statement explains how a convection oven works?(1 point)
Responses
Hot air is transferred through direct molecule contact.
Hot air is transferred through direct molecule contact.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when cool air rises and hot air sinks.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when cool air rises and hot air sinks.
Hot air is transferred when heat radiates from a thermal burner.
Hot air is transferred when heat radiates from a thermal burner.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Question 20
20. People use oven mitts to avoid getting burns when moving hot metal pans while cooking. Which physical property of the metal pan requires the use of an oven mitt when it is hot?(1 point)
Responses
Low magnetism
Low magnetism
Low thermal conductivity
Low thermal conductivity
High thermal conductivity
High thermal conductivity
High solubility
High solubility
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Question 4: Both objects have the same amount of kinetic energy.
Question 5: the object's height from the ground
Question 6: The kinetic energy is less than potential energy.
Question 7: The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.
Question 8: It remains the same.
Question 9: potential → kinetic → potential
Question 10: potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
Question 11: Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
Question 12: A-chemical energy, B-thermal energy, C-kinetic energy, D-electrical energy
Question 13: light energy → electrical energy → heat energy
Question 14: The unavailable energy is given off as heat
Question 15: electrical energy converts to sound energy
Question 16: Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
Question 17: The red water is warmer and is less dense.
Question 18: an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves
Question 19: Hot air is transferred through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Question 20: High thermal conductivity
Question 5: An object's gravitational potential energy depends on the object's mass, the strength of the gravitational field, and the object's height from the ground.
Question 6: At the top of a slingshot ride, the potential energy is at its maximum, while the kinetic energy is at its minimum. Therefore, the potential energy is greater than the kinetic energy.
Question 7: According to the graph, the roller coaster's kinetic and potential energy change from location to location, but the total energy remains the same. Therefore, the roller coaster's kinetic and potential energy change from location to location, but its total energy remains the same.
Question 8: In the absence of friction, the total mechanical energy of the pendulum remains the same as it swings from position A to position B.
Question 9: When Rebecca slides down the water slide, the energy transformation occurs from potential energy at the top to kinetic energy as she slides down.
Question 10: At the top of the stairs, Kim has potential energy, and as she walks down the stairs, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Question 11: The pinwheel spins due to the energy from the wind pushing on it, causing it to move.
Question 12: The table below shows the forms of energy used in Jennifer's actions:
- Brushing hair: mechanical energy
- Using the toaster: electrical energy
- Listening to music: sound energy
- Walking to the bus stop: kinetic energy
Question 13: The energy transformations that enable Joshua to bake cookies in the oven are as follows:
- Light energy from the Sun is converted into electrical energy by the solar panels.
- Electrical energy is converted into heat energy in the oven.
Question 14: The unavailable energy is given off as heat.
Question 15: In the electric alarm clock, electrical energy is converted into sound energy to help Betsy wake up.
Question 16: Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
Question 17: The result of the red water floating on top of the blue water is due to density differences. The red water is less dense than the blue water.
Question 18: An investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves would best show the transfer of heat energy without any type of matter as a medium.
Question 19: A convection oven works by transferring hot air through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Question 20: The use of oven mitts when handling a hot metal pan is necessary because of the high thermal conductivity of the metal, which can cause burns.