Select the correct answers from the lists.
is an assertion that something is true. A
is a statement that
is false.
_____is an assertion that something is true. A ______
is a statement that explains or justifies a point of view. fill in te blanks
A claim is an assertion that something is true. A argument is a statement that explains or justifies a point of view.
Which word describes the facts and information that support an idea or analysis?(1 point)
Responses
statement
statement
reasons
reasons
claim
claim
evidence
Evidence is the word that describes the facts and information that support an idea or analysis.
What information does an introduction provide for readers?(1 point)
Responses
An introduction helps readers identify the claim or central idea.
An introduction helps readers identify the claim or central idea.
An introduction provides evidence that supports the claim or central idea.
An introduction provides evidence that supports the claim or central idea.
An introduction presents counterclaims to the author’s argument.
An introduction presents counterclaims to the author’s argument.
An introduction summarizes the evidence presented in the article and proposes solutions.
An introduction helps readers identify the claim or central idea.
In a new study published Monday in Nature Ecology and Evolution, the researchers sequenced Lonesome George and his fellow giant tortoises’ genes to compare the common genetic links among other long-living animals — such as naked mole rats, bats, some species of whales and humans.
They found a set of genetic adaptations related to cancer suppression, DNA repair and inflammation, laying the groundwork for future experiments into the mechanics of aging.
With the new insight into turtle biology, the researchers also hope this analysis might help prevent the long, lonely end of the world’s remaining giant tortoises.
© NewsHour Productions LLC. All Rights Reserved.
2 of 2
Question
Use the article excerpt to answer the question.
How does paragraph 4 develop the claim made in the article title?
(1 point)
Responses
The section explains why turtles do not get cancer or experience inflammation.
The section explains why turtles do not get cancer or experience inflammation.
The paragraph expands on the idea that Lonesome George had a special kind of DNA.
The paragraph expands on the idea that Lonesome George had a special kind of DNA.
The paragraph explains why humans and tortoises have similar lifespans.
The paragraph explains why humans and tortoises have similar lifespans.
The paragraph develops the idea that researchers are interested in what it takes to live a long life.
The paragraph develops the idea that researchers are interested in what it takes to live a long life.
The paragraph develops the idea that researchers are interested in what it takes to live a long life.
Which sentence from later in the text best helps develop the idea expressed in paragraph 2?
(1 point)
Responses
Their long, slow existence “has been key to their survival — from a time of overexploitation to a time of greater enlightenment and conservation,” she wrote in an email.
Their long, slow existence “has been key to their survival — from a time of overexploitation to a time of greater enlightenment and conservation,” she wrote in an email.
By targeting more than 3,000 genes of interest, the researchers could tease out the variations between humans and tortoises.
By targeting more than 3,000 genes of interest, the researchers could tease out the variations between humans and tortoises.
Lonesome George was a conservation icon, Caccone said, but a conservation icon that can also provide insights into human health and aging.
Lonesome George was a conservation icon, Caccone said, but a conservation icon that can also provide insights into human health and aging.
Thanks to this analysis, the researchers were able to narrow down their original list of 3,000 genes to 43 specific sequences that might have contributed to Lonesome George’s long, disease-free life.
Lonesome George was a conservation icon, Caccone said, but a conservation icon that can also provide insights into human health and aging.
Osmosis is a form of passive transport. Which defines osmosis?(1 point)
Responses
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane up a concentration gradient from low to high, using energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane up a concentration gradient from low to high, using energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient from high to low, using energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient from high to low, using energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient from high to low, using no energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient from high to low, using no energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane up a concentration gradient from low to high, using no energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane down a concentration gradient from high to low, using no energy
2 of 52 of 5 Items
Question
Endocytosis and exocytosis are forms of active transport. What is active transport?(1 point)
Responses
the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high to low, using energy
the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high to low, using energy
the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high to low, using no energy
the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high to low, using no energy
the movement of molecules up a concentration gradient from low to high, using no energy
the movement of molecules up a concentration gradient from low to high, using no energy
the movement of molecules up a concentration gradient from low to high, using energy
the movement of molecules up a concentration gradient from low to high, using energy
3 of 53 of 5 Items
Question
What does it mean for an environment to be isotonic?(1 point)
Responses
The concentration of solute in the environment and the concentration inside the cell are at equilibrium.
The concentration of solute in the environment and the concentration inside the cell are at equilibrium.
The concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than in the environment.
The concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than in the environment.
The concentration of solute in the environment is different from the concentration inside the cell.
The concentration of solute in the environment is different from the concentration inside the cell.
The concentration of solute is greater in the environment than inside the cell.
The concentration of solute in the environment and the concentration inside the cell are at equilibrium.
Cells dispose of large waste molecules through a process called(1 point)
Responses
endocytosis.
endocytosis.
exocytosis.
exocytosis.
diffusion.
diffusion.
osmosis.
exocytosis.
5 of 55 of 5 Items
Question
A cell is dropped into a saltwater solution and shrivels up. You infer that, compared to the cell, the type of saltwater solution is(1 point)
Responses
hypotonic.
hypotonic.
tonic.
tonic.
isotonic.
isotonic.
hypertonic.
hypertonic.
What does it mean for an author to present information in a logical sequence?(1 point)
Responses
It means the events are presented in the order they happened.
It means the events are presented in the order they happened.
It means the causes are paired with their effects.
It means the causes are paired with their effects.
It means each idea connects and adds meaning to the author’s point.
It means each idea connects and adds meaning to the author’s point.
It means each problem is paired with its solution.
It means each idea connects and adds meaning to the author’s point.
Why does the sequence of ideas matter in an informational text?(1 point)
Responses
It tells readers the order in which things happened.
It tells readers the order in which things happened.
It helps readers learn the most complicated ideas first.
It helps readers learn the most complicated ideas first.
It helps readers follow the author’s logic.
It helps readers follow the author’s logic.
It tells readers which ideas are the most important.
It helps readers follow the author’s logic.
What is most necessary for a coherent text to do?(1 point)
Responses
detail a cause-and-effect relationship between ideas
detail a cause-and-effect relationship between ideas
include a detailed description of ideas
include a detailed description of ideas
provide logical connections between ideas
provide logical connections between ideas
present information in chronological
provide logical connections between ideas
Which of the following belongs in an objective summary?(1 point)
Responses
the most interesting anecdote
the most interesting anecdote
the text’s central idea
the text’s central idea
the author’s opinion
the text’s central idea
Which of the following belongs in an objective summary?(1 point)
Responses
quotations from the text
quotations from the text
related article recommendations
related article recommendations
important supporting details
important supporting details
statistical data from the text
important supporting details
If the sequence of bases on the mRNA codon is AUU, what would be the sequence of bases on the opposite strand assembled by the tRNA?(1 point)
Responses
ATT
ATT
TAA
TAA
UUA
UUA
UAA
UAA
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Question
Which of the following correctly shows the sequence of organelles a protein would take if it were being exported from the cell?(1 point)
Responses
Smooth ER →
Vesicle →
Golgi apparatus →
Rough ER →
Vesicle →
Nucleus
Smooth ER right arrow Vesicle right arrow Golgi apparatus right arrow Rough ER right arrow Vesicle right arrow Nucleus
Ribosome →
Smooth ER →
Vesicle →
Cell Membrane →
Vesicle →
Rough ER
Ribosome right arrow Smooth ER right arrow Vesicle right arrow Cell Membrane right arrow Vesicle right arrow Rough ER
Ribosome →
Rough ER →
Vesicle →
Golgi Apparatus →
Vesicle →
Cell Membrane
Ribosome right arrow Rough ER right arrow Vesicle right arrow Golgi Apparatus right arrow Vesicle right arrow Cell Membrane
Ribosome →
Vesicle →
Rough ER →
Vesicle →
Golgi Apparatus →
Cell Membrane
Ribosome → Vesicle → Rough ER → Vesicle → Golgi Apparatus → Cell Membrane
3 of 53 of 5 Items
Question
Proteins are important molecules that are synthesized, transported, and used in cells in a multitude of ways. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus have parts to play in this system. These functions are __________, respectively.
Identify the answer choice that correctly fills in the blank in the above passage.
(1 point)
Responses
DNA making and DNA packaging
DNA making and DNA packaging
protein making and protein packaging
protein making and protein packaging
DNA packaging and DNA storing
DNA packaging and DNA storing
protein packaging and lipid production
protein making and protein packaging
4 of 54 of 5 Items
Question
In which part of the cell do ribosomes perform protein synthesis?(1 point)
Responses
cytoplasm
cytoplasm
nucleus
nucleus
lysosome
lysosome
vacuole
cytoplasm
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Question
What would happen to a cell that lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum?(1 point)
Responses
Its cell membrane would be impermeable.
Its cell membrane would be impermeable.
It would not be able to make lipids.
It would not be able to make lipids.
It would not be able to produce tRNA.
It would not be able to produce tRNA.
It would not be able to replicate DNA.
It would not be able to make lipids.
Why are lysosomes important to the health of cells?(1 point)
Responses
They allow cell organelles to move freely through the cell as needed.
They allow cell organelles to move freely through the cell as needed.
They break down worn-out cell parts that are no longer needed.
They break down worn-out cell parts that are no longer needed.
They create cell boundaries and make cells rigid.
They create cell boundaries and make cells rigid.
They move proteins around the cell.
Everyone wants to save the bees. But as populations decline every year, we may be saving them to death.
Human efforts to breed more of these insects in artificial beehives and plant more flowers may seem the obvious way to stave off heavy losses.
New research shows the answer is not that clear cut, because viruses may be spilling over from commercial honeybee colonies into wild bee populations, according to a study from the University of Vermont published Wednesday in PLOS One.
Flowers have been suspected as reservoirs for bee viruses, but no researcher had linked virus deposits on flowers to bumblebee infections in the wild until this study.
Like honeybees, which are invaluable for agriculture, wild bumblebees also play a significant role in crop pollination. Though people are more familiar with honeybee die-offs — such as with colony collapse disorder — wild bumblebees have been struggling too. A handful of bumblebee species have declined by up to 96 percent in the U.S., according to the National Agricultural Library’s website.
The causes have been largely understudied, although pesticides, infectious disease and shrinking habitat due to climate change have been suspected, said Samantha Alger, an ecologist from the University of Vermont who led the new research.
Filling in one piece of the puzzle, the study revealed wild bumblebees pick up more viruses the closer they forage to managed honeybee colonies. But if bumblebees don’t venture into the commercial hives, how are they picking up viruses?
Flowers have been suspected as reservoirs for bee viruses, but no researcher had linked virus deposits on flowers to bumblebee infections in the wild until this study. And the results could have implications for how we lend our inter-species help.
What the scientists did
The team plucked wild bumblebees from 19 sites around northern Vermont. Some sites were close to a commercial apiary — within 0.2 miles or a short city block — while others were farther away — at least 0.6 miles. If honeybees were present, the researchers collected them too.
The team then measured the number of viruses stuck to each bee. Just because an animal has a virus on its outside doesn’t mean it has an infection. You may have touched your friend’s influenza-soaked tissue, but washed your hands before the flu infected you. So the researchers also tested each bee for virus genetic material, which is only made once the virus infects a host.
Beekeepers treat honeybee hives to keep pathogens at bay. Photo by Jamie Hooper/via Adobe StockBeekeepers treat honeybee hives to keep pathogens at bay. Photo by Jamie Hooper/via Adobe Stock
The team looked at two viruses — deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus — both of which infect honeybees and bumblebees. These infections can potentially cause significant colony damage in honeybees, but researchers don’t know yet what they do to bumblebee colonies.
To figure out how honeybee viruses are jumping to bumblebees, the researchers collected flower samples. Back in the lab, they tested ground-up flowers for viruses and mapped how close the contaminated flowers were to apiaries. They suspected that bees shed virus pieces on flowers during foraging.
What they found
All of the honeybee colonies tested by the researchers were positive for both viruses, an unfortunate but common occurrence for commercial colonies.
But the number of wild bumblebees carrying viruses varied depending on the proximity to the domesticated hives. There was also variation between the two viruses.
More than 90 percent of bumblebees collected close to apiaries carried black queen cell virus. In sites farther from apiaries, and where no honeybees were foraging, just under 40 percent were positive for this virus. When the researchers checked for actual infections, they found that the proximity to an apiary wasn’t telling of whether a bumblebee was infected with black queen cell virus. That means sites near and far from a commercial beehive had the same abundance of black queen cell virus infections.
A bumblebee forages for food. Bumblebees vibrate their bodies to extract pollen. This technique is called buzz pollination, and honeybees can't do it. Photo by Jolanta Mayerberg/via Adobe StockA bumblebee forages for food. Bumblebees vibrate their bodies to extract pollen. This technique is called buzz pollination, and honeybees can’t do it. Photo by Jolanta Mayerberg/via Adobe Stock
The connection was clearer for deformed wing virus infections. Twenty percent of bumblebees foraging close to apiaries carried the virus on their outsides and 10 percent had active infections. But in sites more than a half mile away from an apiary, where honeybees were absent, not a single bumblebee tested positive for deformed wing virus — as a carrier or with an infection..
When the researchers looked at infected flowers, they noticed a similar trend. Of the 20 percent of flowers that tested positive for viruses, all were picked close to apiaries. And the denser the flower patch in these areas, the higher the rate of deformed wing virus infection in bumblebees.
Why it matters
Maybe we need to have a [buffer] area without flowers to stop diseases from spreading to wild bees.
If human-managed bees and bee-friendly flowers are acting as hotspots for pathogens, keeping more bees and planting more flowers may be contributing to the steep losses in commercial pollinators seen in the U.S. each year, as well as fueling the decline of wild bees. The more that bees are transported and concentrated for larger-scale pollination events, the more opportunities for diseases to spread.
And it’s not just a one-way street.
“It’s likely the transmission is going both ways,” said Scott McArt, a pollinator ecologist at Cornell University who was not involved in the study. Even if diseases in commercial bees are eliminated, new infections from the wild bee population, which are known to harbor pathogens, could spill back into managed populations, making disease eradication even tougher than it is now.
From the urban gardener to the rural farmer, people are encouraged to grow “bee-friendly” plants.
Honeybees congregate at a hive entrance. Photo by Volodymyr Shevchuk/via Adobe StockHoneybees congregate at a hive entrance. Photo by Volodymyr Shevchuk/via Adobe Stock
“But in some cases you might actually be increasing disease levels when you plant those flowers,” said Sheila Colla, a conservation biologist at York University who was not involved in the study. “Maybe we need to have a [buffer] area without flowers to stop diseases from spreading to wild bees.”
Nobody is suggesting we stop planting flowers altogether. “We know that habitat loss is already a big problem for bees,” said Alger. Instead, she’s now investigating if increasing plant diversity, or culling certain plants could help decrease disease transmission.
She added that beekeepers and farmers need to take a long, hard look at how they are managing bees.
Question
Use the article to answer the question.
How does the “What they found” section refine the central idea?
(1 point)
Responses
It reveals the advances that have been made on the topic since the studies began.
It reveals the advances that have been made on the topic since the studies began.
It uncovers the specifics of what makes wild bees sick and answers the question in the title.
It uncovers the specifics of what makes wild bees sick and answers the question in the title.
It provides additional nuance that helps readers understand how complex the issue is.
It provides additional nuance that helps readers understand how complex the issue is.
It suggests the author’s initial claims were not completely accurate and adjusts them.
New research shows the answer is not that clear cut, because viruses may be spilling over from commercial honeybee colonies into wild bee populations, according to a study from the University of Vermont published Wednesday in PLOS One.
Flowers have been suspected as reservoirs for bee viruses, but no researcher had linked virus deposits on flowers to bumblebee infections in the wild until this study.
Like honeybees, which are invaluable for agriculture, wild bumblebees also play a significant role in crop pollination. Though people are more familiar with honeybee die-offs — such as with colony collapse disorder — wild bumblebees have been struggling too. A handful of bumblebee species have declined by up to 96 percent in the U.S., according to the National Agricultural Library’s website.
The causes have been largely understudied, although pesticides, infectious disease and shrinking habitat due to climate change have been suspected, said Samantha Alger, an ecologist from the University of Vermont who led the new research.
Filling in one piece of the puzzle, the study revealed wild bumblebees pick up more viruses the closer they forage to managed honeybee colonies. But if bumblebees don’t venture into the commercial hives, how are they picking up viruses?
Flowers have been suspected as reservoirs for bee viruses, but no researcher had linked virus deposits on flowers to bumblebee infections in the wild until this study. And the results could have implications for how we lend our inter-species help.
What the scientists did
The team plucked wild bumblebees from 19 sites around northern Vermont. Some sites were close to a commercial apiary — within 0.2 miles or a short city block — while others were farther away — at least 0.6 miles. If honeybees were present, the researchers collected them too.
The team then measured the number of viruses stuck to each bee. Just because an animal has a virus on its outside doesn’t mean it has an infection. You may have touched your friend’s influenza-soaked tissue, but washed your hands before the flu infected you. So the researchers also tested each bee for virus genetic material, which is only made once the virus infects a host.
Beekeepers treat honeybee hives to keep pathogens at bay. Photo by Jamie Hooper/via Adobe StockBeekeepers treat honeybee hives to keep pathogens at bay. Photo by Jamie Hooper/via Adobe Stock
The team looked at two viruses — deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus — both of which infect honeybees and bumblebees. These infections can potentially cause significant colony damage in honeybees, but researchers don’t know yet what they do to bumblebee colonies.
To figure out how honeybee viruses are jumping to bumblebees, the researchers collected flower samples. Back in the lab, they tested ground-up flowers for viruses and mapped how close the contaminated flowers were to apiaries. They suspected that bees shed virus pieces on flowers during foraging.
What they found
All of the honeybee colonies tested by the researchers were positive for both viruses, an unfortunate but common occurrence for commercial colonies.
But the number of wild bumblebees carrying viruses varied depending on the proximity to the domesticated hives. There was also variation between the two viruses.
More than 90 percent of bumblebees collected close to apiaries carried black queen cell virus. In sites farther from apiaries, and where no honeybees were foraging, just under 40 percent were positive for this virus. When the researchers checked for actual infections, they found that the proximity to an apiary wasn’t telling of whether a bumblebee was infected with black queen cell virus. That means sites near and far from a commercial beehive had the same abundance of black queen cell virus infections.
A bumblebee forages for food. Bumblebees vibrate their bodies to extract pollen. This technique is called buzz pollination, and honeybees can't do it. Photo by Jolanta Mayerberg/via Adobe StockA bumblebee forages for food. Bumblebees vibrate their bodies to extract pollen. This technique is called buzz pollination, and honeybees can’t do it. Photo by Jolanta Mayerberg/via Adobe Stock
The connection was clearer for deformed wing virus infections. Twenty percent of bumblebees foraging close to apiaries carried the virus on their outsides and 10 percent had active infections. But in sites more than a half mile away from an apiary, where honeybees were absent, not a single bumblebee tested positive for deformed wing virus — as a carrier or with an infection..
When the researchers looked at infected flowers, they noticed a similar trend. Of the 20 percent of flowers that tested positive for viruses, all were picked close to apiaries. And the denser the flower patch in these areas, the higher the rate of deformed wing virus infection in bumblebees.
Why it matters
Maybe we need to have a [buffer] area without flowers to stop diseases from spreading to wild bees.
If human-managed bees and bee-friendly flowers are acting as hotspots for pathogens, keeping more bees and planting more flowers may be contributing to the steep losses in commercial pollinators seen in the U.S. each year, as well as fueling the decline of wild bees. The more that bees are transported and concentrated for larger-scale pollination events, the more opportunities for diseases to spread.
And it’s not just a one-way street.
“It’s likely the transmission is going both ways,” said Scott McArt, a pollinator ecologist at Cornell University who was not involved in the study. Even if diseases in commercial bees are eliminated, new infections from the wild bee population, which are known to harbor pathogens, could spill back into managed populations, making disease eradication even tougher than it is now.
From the urban gardener to the rural farmer, people are encouraged to grow “bee-friendly” plants.
Honeybees congregate at a hive entrance. Photo by Volodymyr Shevchuk/via Adobe StockHoneybees congregate at a hive entrance. Photo by Volodymyr Shevchuk/via Adobe Stock
“But in some cases you might actually be increasing disease levels when you plant those flowers,” said Sheila Colla, a conservation biologist at York University who was not involved in the study. “Maybe we need to have a [buffer] area without flowers to stop diseases from spreading to wild bees.”
Nobody is suggesting we stop planting flowers altogether. “We know that habitat loss is already a big problem for bees,” said Alger. Instead, she’s now investigating if increasing plant diversity, or culling certain plants could help decrease disease transmission.
She added that beekeepers and farmers need to take a long, hard look at how they are managing bees.
Question
Use the article to answer the question.
How does the “What they found” section refine the central idea?
(1 point)
Responses
It reveals the advances that have been made on the topic since the studies began.
It reveals the advances that have been made on the topic since the studies began.
It uncovers the specifics of what makes wild bees sick and answers the question in the title.
It uncovers the specifics of what makes wild bees sick and answers the question in the title.
It provides additional nuance that helps readers understand how complex the issue is.
It provides additional nuance that helps readers understand how complex the issue is.
It suggests the author’s initial claims were not completely accurate and adjusts
Introductions Quick Check
1 of 51 of 5 Items
Question
What is a thesis statement?(1 point)
Responses
a sentence that provides information about a topic
a sentence that provides information about a topic
a detailed summary of the key points of a text
a detailed summary of the key points of a text
a paragraph that introduces a paper topic
a paragraph that introduces a paper topic
a concise summary of the central idea of a text
a concise summary of the central idea of a text
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