In infancy, self evaluative emotions:
1. Arise only after children have developed self awareness
2. Arise only after children have become able to differentiate their mental states from that of another person
1. Arise only after children have developed self-awareness: This statement is largely true. Self-evaluative emotions, such as pride and shame, typically emerge after infants have developed a basic sense of self. This self-awareness usually occurs around 18 months to 2 years of age. Before this stage, infants do not have a clear concept of themselves as separate individuals and are unable to evaluate their actions or behaviors in relation to societal or personal standards.
2. Arise only after children have become able to differentiate their mental states from that of another person: This statement is not entirely accurate. While the ability to differentiate one's own mental states from that of others is an important aspect of self-evaluative emotions, it is not the sole requirement. Infants can show early signs of self-evaluative behaviors before they fully understand mental states. For example, infants as young as 6 to 12 months may show signs of embarrassment or guilt in response to their actions, even though they may not fully comprehend mental states. Therefore, self-evaluative emotions can start to develop before children fully grasp the concept of mental state differentiation.
In infancy, self-evaluative emotions do not typically arise only after children have developed self-awareness or have become able to differentiate their mental states from that of another person. Infants actually start showing signs of self-evaluative emotions earlier in their development.
1. Self-awareness: The emergence of self-awareness typically occurs around 18-24 months of age when children begin to recognize themselves in a mirror. However, self-evaluative emotions can be observed even before this milestone.
2. Differentiation of mental states: The ability to differentiate one's mental states from others emerges later during the preschool years when children develop a theory of mind, understanding that others have thoughts, beliefs, and desires that may differ from their own. Yet, self-evaluative emotions can still be observed even before children fully comprehend this concept.
Overall, self-evaluative emotions such as pride, shame, and embarrassment can begin to appear in infancy, as early as 6-12 months old, although their full development and complexity continue to evolve throughout childhood and beyond.