What is the name of the domain controller database that Windows Server 2016 uses to

store data about user access and resources on the network?

The name of the domain controller database that Windows Server 2016 uses to store data about user access and resources on the network is Active Directory Database (NTDS.DIT).

The domain controller database used by Windows Server 2016 to store data about user access and resources on the network is called Active Directory Database, specifically the NTDS.dit file.