Distinguish between the four main Earth system spheres. Which of the following contains solid rock below and at Earth’s surface?
Responses
hydrosphere
biosphere
lithosphere
atmosphere
The four main Earth system spheres are the hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
1. Hydrosphere: The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even water in the atmosphere as clouds and vapor.
2. Biosphere: The biosphere comprises all living organisms on Earth and the areas they inhabit. It includes plants, animals, bacteria, and humans, as well as their interactions with each other and their environment.
3. Lithosphere: The lithosphere refers to the solid outer layer of Earth, which includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It consists of rocks, minerals, and soils and forms the continents and oceanic crust.
4. Atmosphere: The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds Earth. It is made up mostly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) along with other trace gases. The atmosphere plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's temperature and weather.
Among the four spheres, the one that contains solid rock below and at Earth's surface is the lithosphere. It is the rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
Question
Which statement correctly explains a condition that leads to Earth’s different climates?(1 point)
Responses
1.The sun is located in the middle of Earth’s orbit.
2.Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from a true vertical orientation.
3.Earth is the second planet from the sun.
4.Earth rotates around the sun.
The correct statement that explains a condition that leads to Earth's different climates is option 2: Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from a true vertical orientation. This tilt of Earth's axis is responsible for the changing seasons and the variation in the amount of sunlight received by different parts of the Earth throughout the year. It leads to different climates in different regions of the planet.
Which latitude would receive the most direct solar radiation on the spring equinox?
On the spring equinox, the latitude that receives the most direct solar radiation is the Equator, which is located at 0 degrees latitude. During this time, the sun is directly overhead at noon at the Equator, resulting in the most direct and intense sunlight. This causes the Equator to receive the highest amount of solar radiation on the spring equinox.
How would studying a volcanic eruption help you investigate cooler temperatures on Earth?
1.Volcanic eruptions eject carbon dioxide, which reflects incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
2.Volcanic eruptions eject sulfur dioxide, which is converted to sulfuric acid, which then reflects incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
3.Volcanic eruptions eject water vapor, which reflects incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
4.Volcanic eruptions eject tsunamis, which reflect incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
The correct statement is option 2: Volcanic eruptions eject sulfur dioxide, which is converted to sulfuric acid, which then reflects incoming energy from the sun back to space, therefore cooling the surface of Earth.
Studying a volcanic eruption can help investigate cooler temperatures on Earth because volcanic eruptions release large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere. The sulfur dioxide reacts with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosols. These aerosols can then scatter and reflect incoming solar radiation back into space. This reflection of sunlight reduces the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface, leading to cooling effects. Therefore, by studying volcanic eruptions and their impact on the atmosphere, scientists can understand how these aerosols contribute to cooler temperatures on Earth.
Which phenomenon is the result of a tsunami
The phenomenon that is the result of a tsunami is coastal flooding. A tsunami is a series of powerful ocean waves usually caused by large underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. When a tsunami reaches shallow waters near the coast, it undergoes a transformation and can cause surges of water, leading to flooding of coastal areas. This flooding can cause significant damage to infrastructure, homes, and can even lead to loss of life.
Which phenomenon is the result of a tsunami?
1.broken coral reefs
2.scorched trees
3.development of a hurricane
4.abnormally warm ocean water