What helps the plasma membrane function?
A. chloroplasts and mitochondria
B. nuclei and endoplasmic reticula
C. channels and chain-like structures
D. pumps and gelatin-like material
C. channels and chain-like structures
D. pumps and gelatin-like material
The correct answer is D. pumps and gelatin-like material.
The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a vital component of a cell that regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with various proteins. Additionally, there are two key components that help the plasma membrane function effectively: pumps and gelatin-like material.
Pumps, specifically membrane pumps or ion pumps, are proteins that actively transport substances across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP. These pumps play a crucial role in maintaining the proper balance of ions inside and outside the cell, allowing for various cellular functions.
The gelatin-like material, also known as the extracellular matrix or glycocalyx, is a layer of carbohydrates and proteins that coats the outer surface of the plasma membrane. It helps protect the membrane from physical damage, serves as a communication interface with neighboring cells, and plays a role in cell recognition and signaling.
Therefore, pumps and gelatin-like material are essential for the proper functioning of the plasma membrane.