One of the BSc. Economics students at MzumbeUniversity conducted a study on the “Factors
Affecting Performance of Trade Unions in Tanzania and her study was published in the
American Journal of Business and Management: Vol. 2, No. 2, 2018, 181-185. The study was
a cross-sectional survey descriptive in nature. She claimed that the approach is effective in
handling research which needs information from different people and for convenience of
comparison. The population constituted teachers both in primary andsecondary schools and
also CWTofficials in KasuluDistrict, Kigoma, Tanzania. A total population of 3000 teachers
exist in the study area inclusive of CWTofficials.
The study adopted stratified random sampling. The study stratified teachers on the basis of
primary, secondary school teachers andCWT officials. The sampleconstituted 341 teachers
and 11 CWTOfficials. The sample size of 352 respondents was used in this study.Within the
strata simple random sampling was used to select the respondent which was stage two of the
process. Sampling frame consisted of list of all schools in Kasulu and a list of CWTofficials.
Within the schools respondents were teachers selected randomly
a)What type of sampling technique was adopted
b)Explain the procedures the researcher used to select the sample size for the study
c)If the researcher used table of random numbers in selecting 11 CWT officials fromthe
population, which numbers were included in the sample if the selection starts from the 1st
row of the table of random numbersbelow?
a) The type of sampling technique adopted in this study is stratified random sampling, as the participants are divided into different strata (primary school teachers, secondary school teachers, and CWT officials) and a random sample is selected from each stratum.
b) The researcher used the following procedures to select the sample size for the study:
- The population was defined as all the teachers (both primary and secondary) and CWT officials in Kasulu District, Tanzania, which constituted a total population of 3000.
- The population was stratified into three groups: primary school teachers, secondary school teachers, and CWT officials.
- The number of respondents needed from each stratum was determined. The researcher does not provide this information in the given text.
- The sample size for each stratum was calculated by multiplying the required proportion of respondents from each stratum by the total population of each stratum.
- Within each stratum, simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. The researcher does not provide details on how this was done for the teachers, but we can assume it was done by randomly selecting schools and then randomly selecting teachers within each selected school.
c) If the researcher used a table of random numbers to select 11 CWT officials from the population, and the selection starts from the 1st row of the table of random numbers below, the researcher would include the corresponding numbers in the table until 11 officials are selected. Since the researcher does not provide the details of the table of random numbers or the specific starting point, we cannot determine the exact numbers included in the sample.
A)If the researcher used table of random numbers in selecting 11 CWT officials fromthe
population, which numbers were included in the sample if the selection starts from the 1st
row of the table of random numbers below?
6142 4204 1986 5460 0517
9022 2279 9304 9526 6762
5034 9711 4697 6688 6523
8567 6100 0508 2162 5906
0242 9197 6115 3704 3882
9051 9619 8840 1641 5815
2063 1889 6719 6608 9624
8999 0787 3316 4472 7932
B)What type of data wa scollected for this study?
C)If data were collected through unstructured interview, what were the possible strengths
and shortfalls the researcher encountered?
D)Which data collection technique would you recommend for this study? Why?
A) If the selection starts from the 1st row of the table of random numbers provided, the numbers included in the sample of 11 CWT officials would be: 6142, 4204, 1986, 5460, 0517, 9022, 2279, 9304, 9526, 6762, 5034.
B) The type of data collected for this study is not explicitly mentioned in the given information, so we cannot determine the exact type of data collected without further details.
C) If the data were collected through unstructured interviews, the possible strengths and shortfalls the researcher encountered could be:
Strengths:
1) Flexibility: Unstructured interviews allow the researcher to explore the topic deeply and adapt the questions or follow-up based on the interviewee's responses.
2) Rich data: Unstructured interviews can provide detailed insights and in-depth information about the subject matter.
3) Personal connection: As it is a conversational approach, unstructured interviews may foster a personal connection between the researcher and interviewee, encouraging open and honest responses.
Shortfalls:
1) Lack of structure: Due to the absence of a predetermined list of questions, unstructured interviews might lack consistency in data collection.
2) Subjectivity: The responses obtained through unstructured interviews heavily depend on the interviewee's perspective and may introduce bias into the research findings.
3) Time-consuming: Unstructured interviews tend to consume more time compared to structured interviews, as they involve free-flowing conversations that can be lengthy.
D) For this study, a mixed-methods approach could be recommended. It could include both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the performance of trade unions in Tanzania. The researcher can use structured questionnaires to collect quantitative data from a larger sample size, allowing for statistical analysis and generalizability. Additionally, conducting semi-structured or structured interviews with a smaller subset of participants can provide qualitative insights and a deeper understanding of the underlying factors. This mixed-methods approach can provide triangulation and enhance the validity and reliability of the study findings.
One of the BSc. Economics students at MzumbeUniversity conducted a study on the “Factors
Affecting Performance of Trade Unions in Tanzania and her study was published in the
American Journal of Business and Management: Vol. 2, No. 2, 2018, 181-185. The study was
a cross-sectional survey descriptive in nature. She claimed that the approach is effective in
handling research which needs information from different people and for convenience of
comparison. The population constituted teachers both in primary andsecondary schools and
also CWTofficials in KasuluDistrict, Kigoma, Tanzania. A total population of 3000 teachers
exist in the study area inclusive of CWTofficials.
The study adopted stratified random sampling. The study stratified teachers on the basis of
primary, secondary school teachers andCWT officials. The sampleconstituted 341 teachers
and 11 CWTOfficials. The sample size of 352 respondents was used in this study.Within the
strata simple random sampling was used to select the respondent which was stage two of the
process. Sampling frame consisted of list of all schools in Kasulu and a list of CWTofficials.
Within the schools respondents were teachers selected randomly
a)What type of sampling technique was adopted
b)Explain the procedures the researcher used to select the sample size for the study
c)If the researcher used table of random numbers in selecting 11 CWT officials fromthe
population, which numbers were included in the sample if the selection starts from the 1st
row of the table of random numbers below?
6142 4204 1986 5460 0517
9022 2279 9304 9526 6762
5034 9711 4697 6688 6523
8567 6100 0508 2162 5906
0242 9197 6115 3704 3882
9051 9619 8840 1641 5815
2063 1889 6719 6608 9624
8999 0787 3316 4472 7932
B)What type of data wa scollected for this study?
C)If data were collected through unstructured interview, what were the possible strengths
and shortfalls the researcher encountered?
D)Which data collection technique would you recommend for this study? Why?
a) The type of sampling technique adopted in this study is stratified random sampling, as the participants are divided into different strata (primary school teachers, secondary school teachers, and CWT officials), and a random sample is selected from each stratum.
b) The researcher used the following procedures to select the sample size for the study:
- The population was defined as all the teachers (both primary and secondary) and CWT officials in Kasulu District, Tanzania, which constituted a total population of 3000.
- The population was stratified into three groups: primary school teachers, secondary school teachers, and CWT officials.
- The sample size for each stratum was determined, resulting in a total sample size of 352 respondents, consisting of 341 teachers and 11 CWT officials.
- Within each stratum, simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. The researcher does not provide details on how this was done for the teachers, but we can assume it was through randomly selecting schools and then randomly selecting teachers within each selected school.
c) If the researcher used a table of random numbers to select 11 CWT officials from the population, and the selection starts from the 1st row of the given table of random numbers below, the numbers included in the sample of 11 CWT officials would be: 6142, 4204, 1986, 5460, 0517, 9022, 2279, 9304, 9526, 6762, 5034.
B) The type of data collected for this study is not explicitly mentioned in the given information, so we cannot determine the exact type of data collected without further details.
C) If data were collected through unstructured interviews, the possible strengths and shortfalls the researcher encountered could be:
Strengths:
1) Flexibility: Unstructured interviews allow the researcher to explore the topic deeply and adapt the line of questioning based on the interviewee's responses.
2) Rich data: Unstructured interviews can provide detailed insights and in-depth information about the factors affecting the performance of trade unions in Tanzania.
3) Depth of understanding: Unstructured interviews can help the researcher uncover nuanced factors that may not have been captured through other data collection methods.
Shortfalls:
1) Subjectivity: The responses obtained through unstructured interviews may be influenced by the interviewer's biases, potentially affecting the objectivity of the findings.
2) Lack of standardization: Unstructured interviews lack a standardized set of questions, making it more challenging to compare and analyze responses across different interviewees.
3) Time-consuming: Unstructured interviews can be time-consuming, both in terms of conducting the interviews and analyzing the qualitative data obtained.
D) Considering the nature of the study and the need to gather information from different people, a combination of structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews would be recommended. This approach allows for a wider reach through questionnaires while also providing the opportunity for in-depth understanding through interviews. This mixed-methods approach would enable the researcher to gather both quantitative and qualitative data, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the performance of trade unions in Tanzania.
A)If the researcher used table of random numbers in selecting 11 CWT officials fromthe
population, which numbers were included in the sample if the selection starts from the 1st
row of the table of random numbers below?
61424 20419 86546 00517
90222 27993 04952 66762
50349 71146 97668 86523
85676 10005 08216 25906
02429 19761 15370 43882
90519 61988 40164 15815
20631 88967 19660 89624
89990 78733 16447 27932