What are three stressful environmental conditions found in degraded areas in urban centers?
1. Air pollution: Degraded areas in urban centers often have poor air quality due to traffic congestion, industrial emissions, and other sources of pollution. Exposure to high levels of pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ozone can increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
2. Noise pollution: Urban environments are often characterized by high levels of noise pollution from traffic, construction, and other sources. Excessive noise can lead to stress, sleep disturbances, and other negative health effects.
3. Heat island effect: Degraded areas in urban centers may also experience the heat island effect, where temperatures are higher than surrounding areas due to the accumulation of heat in buildings and pavement. Heat stress can increase the risk of dehydration, heat exhaustion, and other heat-related illnesses.
Three stressful environmental conditions found in degraded areas in urban centers are:
1. Air Pollution: Degraded urban areas often suffer from high levels of air pollution due to industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and the presence of pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. High levels of air pollution can cause various respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and contribute to poor overall health.
2. Noise Pollution: Urban areas are typically characterized by high levels of noise pollution, resulting from traffic, construction, industrial activities, and crowded neighborhoods. Constant exposure to excessive noise can lead to sleep disturbances, increased stress levels, hearing impairments, and a reduced quality of life.
3. Heat Island Effect: Degraded urban areas often experience the heat island effect, wherein the concentration of concrete and asphalt surfaces, lack of vegetation, and low levels of green spaces contribute to higher temperatures compared to surrounding areas. The heat island effect can result in extreme heat stress, leading to heat-related illnesses, reduced thermal comfort, and increased energy consumption for cooling purposes.