How to cite using Harvard style
There are different ways to cite using Harvard style depending on the type of source being cited (book, journal article, website, etc.). Here are some examples:
Book:
Author/surname, initial. (Year of publication) Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Smith, J. (2005) The history of psychology. New York: Wiley & Sons.
Journal article:
Author/surname, initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Journal, volume(issue), page numbers.
Example: Jones, A. (2010) 'The role of motivation in learning', Educational Psychology, 30(2), 200-215.
Website:
Author/surname, initial. (Year of publication or update) Title of web page. [Online] Available at: URL [Accessed date].
Example: World Health Organization (2018) Ebola virus disease. [Online] Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/ebola/#tab=tab_1 [Accessed 14 May 2021].
Note: When citing a source with three or more authors, include only the first author's surname followed by 'et al.' (meaning "and others") in the in-text citation and reference list.
Also, be sure to check with your institution for specific guidelines on how to cite using Harvard style, as some variations may exist.
To cite using the Harvard style, follow these steps:
1. In-text citations: For in-text citations, include the author's last name and year of publication within parentheses. Place the citation immediately after the information you have quoted or paraphrased. For example:
- One author: "This is a quote" (Smith, 2010).
- Two authors: "This is a quote" (Smith & Johnson, 2010).
- Three or more authors: "This is a quote" (Smith et al., 2010).
2. Reference list: Create a separate reference list at the end of your document, titled "References," and list the sources you have cited alphabetically by the author's last name.
3. Format for different types of sources:
a. Books: Include the author's last name, initials, year of publication, title (in italics or underlined), edition (if applicable), publisher, and place of publication. Example:
- Smith, J. (2010). The Harvard Guide to Citing Sources. 2nd edition. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
b. Journal articles: Include the author's last name, initials, year of publication, article title (in quotation marks), journal title (in italics or underlined), volume number (in italics), issue number (in parentheses), and page numbers. Example:
- Johnson, A., & Lee, H. (2012). The impact of social media on student engagement. Journal of Educational Technology, 45(3), 123-145.
c. Websites: Include the author's last name (if available), year of publication or last update (if available), title of the webpage (in italics or quotation marks), website name (in italics or underlined), URL, and access date (format: "Retrieved Month Day, Year"). Example:
- Brown, S. (2018). The Effects of Climate Change. National Geographic. Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/climate-change/effects/
These are the basic guidelines for citing sources using the Harvard style. Remember to consult the official Harvard style guide or your institution's guidelines for any specific requirements or variations.