What is the relationship between the period number and the number of the highest filled energy level
The period number of an element in the periodic table indicates the number of occupied energy levels in its electron configuration. In other words, the period number corresponds to the number of electron shells that surround the nucleus of the atom.
The highest filled energy level, also known as the valence shell, is the outermost shell that contains electrons. It is the highest energy level that is completely filled with electrons.
The relationship between the period number and the number of the highest filled energy level is that the period number is equal to the number of the highest energy level for elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table. For example, the elements in period 2 have two occupied energy levels, and the highest filled energy level is the second energy level (valence shell). For elements in the d and f blocks, however, the highest filled energy level may not necessarily be the same as the period number.
The relationship between the period number and the number of the highest filled energy level is given by the periodic table.
In the periodic table, the period number represents the total number of energy levels or shells that an atom's electrons can occupy. The atomic number of an element tells us the number of electrons in the atom.
In general, the highest filled energy level (also known as the valence shell) corresponds to the period number minus one. For example, elements in period 1 have their highest filled energy level in the first shell, elements in period 2 have their highest filled energy level in the second shell, and so on.
However, this relationship has a few exceptions due to the electronic configurations of certain elements. For example, in the transition elements, the filling of electrons occurs in the d-orbitals, so the highest filled energy level for these elements does not strictly follow the pattern of the period number.
Overall, the relationship between the period number and the number of the highest filled energy level provides a general understanding of the electronic structure of atoms, but there are exceptions based on the specific element's electronic configuration.