Which statement correctly identifies the relative levels of kinetic and potential energy in a hydroelectric dam?
1. Kinetic and potential energy are both highest at the bottom.
2. Kinetic energy is highest at the top; potential energy is highest at the bottom
3. Kinetic and potential energy are both highest at the top
4. Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom; potential energy is highest at the top
4. Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom; potential energy is highest at the top
To determine the correct answer, let's understand the relationship between kinetic and potential energy in a hydroelectric dam.
A hydroelectric dam works by converting the potential energy of water stored at an elevated position into kinetic energy, which then drives a turbine to generate electricity. The dam stores water behind it, which gives it potential energy. When the water is released from the dam, it falls to a lower position, gaining kinetic energy as it moves.
Based on this understanding, we can determine that the correct answer is 4: Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom, and potential energy is highest at the top.
This is because at the bottom of the dam, where the water exits, the water has the most kinetic energy as it is moving at its fastest velocity. As the water falls, it loses potential energy but gains kinetic energy due to its increased speed. Conversely, at the top of the dam, where the water is stored, the water has the most potential energy since it is at its highest position and ready to fall.
Therefore, the correct option is 4: Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom; potential energy is highest at the top.
The correct statement is:
4. Kinetic energy is highest at the bottom; potential energy is highest at the top.
In a hydroelectric dam, the movement of water flowing downhill from the top generates kinetic energy, which is converted into electricity by the dam's turbines. As the water flows from the top to the bottom, its potential energy decreases while the kinetic energy increases. Therefore, the highest point in the dam has the highest potential energy, while the lowest point has the highest kinetic energy.