True or false: A sample must include at least 50% of the population to draw a valid conclusion.

False. A sample size does not need to include 50% of the population to draw a valid conclusion, but it should be representative and large enough to avoid bias and provide accurate results. The required sample size depends on the statistical power, desired level of confidence, and variability in the population.

False. A sample does not need to include at least 50% of the population to draw a valid conclusion. The size of a sample needed for valid conclusions depends on factors such as the desired level of precision, the variability of the population being sampled, and the research question being investigated. Statistical techniques are used to determine the appropriate sample size for a given study, taking into account these factors. It is possible to draw valid conclusions from a sample that represents a smaller proportion of the population, as long as the sample is properly selected and the methods used are appropriate.