4. Relationships between organisms may be beneficial or detrimental. Which of the following examples shows a relationship in which both organisms benefit?
A. A tick attaches itself to the skin of a dog and takes a blood meal.
B. A female black widow spider Latrodectus mactans mates with a male spider; then, she consumes him.
C. An African wasp Certolsolen arabicus pollinates a fig tree Ficus sycomorus as it eats the tree's nectar.
D. A species of hyena known as the aardwolf consumes termites for nourishment.
C. An African wasp Certolsolen arabicus pollinates a fig tree Ficus sycomorus as it eats the tree's nectar.
The image below shows an aquatic food web. Which of the following describes how energy is transferred between the algae and the crustacean?
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1 point
Captionless Image
The algae and the crustacean both transfer energy to each other.
Energy is transferred from the crustacean to the algae.
Energy is transferred from the algae to the crustacean.
Energy is not transferred between the algae and the crustacean.
17. Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
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1 point
Pesticides are sprayed in a field, resulting in an increase in crop growth and a decrease in insect population.
Cricket frogs prefer to sleep during the day, while red-eyed tree frogs prefer to sleep during the night.
To produce a more desirable fruit, a farmer crosses a tree that produces sweet oranges with a tree that produces large oranges.
Rabbits with a mutation for longer, thicker fur survive an unusually cold winter, while many normal rabbits do not survive.
9. Both of Tim's parents have brown eyes, but Tim has blue eyes. How is this possible?
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1 point
The characteristic (blue eyes) is carried in a recessive gene.
This characteristic (blue eyes) must be carried in the dominant gene.
Eye color is not a genetic trait.
all of these
11. An organism that contains two different alleles for a trait is said to be _______ for that trait.
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1 point
recessive
heterozygous
dominant
homozygous
23. Coyotes primarily feed on small mammals, such as rabbits, squirrels, birds, and mice. Many of these prey try to escape from coyotes by burrowing into the ground. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be naturally selected to increase a coyote population's chances for survival over time?
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1 point
sharper claws that aid in digging
blunt teeth that can be used for grinding
lighter colored fur that reflects light
smaller ears that are less sensitive to noise
3. Some people have attached ear lobes and some people have free ear lobes. The differences in these traits are caused by
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1 point
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differences in environment.
differences in personality.
differences in diet.
differences in genes.
8. Which of the following is true of a parasitic relationship?
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1 point
The parasite benefits, and the host is harmed; however, the host is not generally killed.
The parasite benefits, and the host is killed.
The parasite benefits for a time; however, both the parasite and the host eventually die as a result of the relationship.
The host benefits from the relationship, and the parasite is harmed.
27. A potato plant can reproduce asexually so that one potato can often give rise to many other potatoes. Strawberry plants can reproduce sexually. A potato plant puts a large amount of its energy into growing a tuber, which is the part that humans eat. The tuber can grow large and provide energy for the plant during the winter, or it can be used to grow new potato plants. A strawberry plant, on the other hand, puts much of its energy into growing flowers to attract insects that aid in pollination. After fertilization, the strawberry plant must then also grow seeds as well as fruit to attract animals that disperse the seeds.Based on this information, the asexually reproducing potato plant most likely devotes _______ to reproduction than the sexually reproducing strawberry plant.
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1 point
more energy
fewer spores
less energy
more seeds
21. Cheetahs are one example of a population that has very limited genetic variation. Which of the following groups of animals are most likely to have a limited variety in the genetics of their population?
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1 point
animals that live on more than one continent
animals that have a very large population
animals that live in both hot and cold climates
animals on the endangered species list
1. The genetic engineering of crops is a controversial and debated issue in the media and press. Which of the following would be an argument in favor of the genetic engineering of corn?
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1 point
improved nutritional content
increased crop yields
reduction of pesticide use
all of these
7. A new predator is introduced into the ecosystem shown in the food web below. This predator feeds on bees and mice. How will this most likely affect the species in this ecosystem?
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1 point
Captionless Image
There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause an increase the black bear population and a decrease in the fox population.
There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause an increase in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the black bear population and an increase in the fox population.
There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
6. The Canadian lynx is a large wild cat that lives in the cold regions of Canada. The snowshoe hare is the main prey species that is hunted by the Canadian lynx. The snowshoe hare eats grass, fern, and leaves.If the population of Canadian lynx were to completely disappear, what would most likely happen to the food supply of the snowshoe hare?
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1 point
The population of snowshoe hare would decrease, and there would be more food available.
The snowshoe hare would stop eating grass, so there would be less food available.
The snowshoe hare would start eating each other, so the food supply would not be affected.
The population of snowshoe hare would outgrow the food supply, so there would be less food available.
18. Evolution is a ______?
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1 point
theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning.
prediction because it makes an educated guess about events that will occur in the future
variable because it is a factor that can be changed during experimentation.
law because it has been proven without exception under certain stated conditions.
15. Some redwood trees reproduce both sexually and asexually. Once a tree reaches maturity, it can reproduce with another tree through pollination and fertilization. The tree then disperses thousands of seeds so that some of them might take root. However, a tree can also reproduce asexually. If it falls down, several smaller trees can sprout from its trunk without the need of fertilization.Why is it advantageous for a redwood to reproduce sexually when it could reproduce asexually instead?
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1 point
It reduces the need to find a mate.
It increases the energy needed to reproduce.
It increases the genetic diversity of the tree's offspring.
It decreases the time needed to reproduce.
20. There are approximately 200 species of mice that live all over the world. Deer mice are a particular species of mice that prefer to live in forests, prairies, and fields. It has been observed that deer mice that live in trees tend to have longer tails because they use their tails for balance. Deer mice that live in prairies and fields tend to have shorter tails so they are less likely to be caught when running away from predators. If a forest fire occurred in an ecosystem eliminating the majority of the trees and short-tailed mice are naturally selected over long-tailed mice, the evolution of the mice can be primarily attributed to
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1 point
Captionless Image
genetic engineering.
selective breeding.
environmental factors.
human impact.
24. Over time, the climate of a region becomes cooler. How will this most likely affect the species living in that region?
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1 point
Some species that already have or that develop cold-weather adaptations through natural selection will survive, while species without cold-weather adaptations may go extinct.
All of the current species living in the region will migrate to warmer areas, while species adapted to cold-weather climates will migrate into the region.
All of the current species living in the area will become extinct, and new species better adapted to the climate will form and populate the region.
Most of the current species living in the area will develop beneficial mutations, which will lead to adaptations that help them survive in the new climate.
14. Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically _______ to the parents.
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1 point
identical
unrelated
similar
opposite
2. Look at the food web shown below. Which organisms get energy from producers?
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1 point
Captionless Image
squid
zooplankton
sperm whales
phytoplankton
10. A widow's peak is a V-shaped area of the hairline in the center of the forehead. The allele for having a widow's peak is dominant to the allele for not having a widow's peak.If two parents do not have widow's peaks, what is the probability that their child will have a widow's peak?
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1 point
75%
50%
25%
0
29. Which of the following is a producer in the food web shown below?
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1 point
Captionless Image
ant
tadpole
sunlight
grass
16. _______ provide evidence that living things evolved from earlier species.
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1 point
Historical fictions
Religions
Fossils
Videos of dinosaurs
13. Which of the following is a method of reproduction that generally occurs very rapidly?
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1 point
hybridizing
sexual
asexual
germination
19. Diagram 1 shows the fossilized remains of the lower portion of a camel's leg. Each subsequent diagram shows the same portion of a camel's leg, but the diagrams are from progressively later time periods. Diagram 4 shows the most recent fossil.
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1 point
Captionless Image
how fossil evidence cannot be used to support evolution.
that all living organisms have increased in size over time.
how fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time.
that modern camels have more toes than earlier species of camels.
28. If there were no decomposers, which of the following would most likely happen?
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1 point
Some plants might die due to a shortage of important nutrients.
The amount of dead plant and animal matter would decrease.
Plants and animals would remain living for a longer period of time.
Animals would start carrying out photosynthesis.
22. What genetic factor is most likely to result in the extinction of an entire species?
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1 point
a lack of genetic variety in the population
a genetic defect in a few members of the population
a genetic resistance against many diseases
a lot of genetic variety in a population
25. Small differences between parents and offspring accumulate over time. This process
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1 point
prevents parents from being able to care for their offspring.
makes it impossible for species to adapt to changes in their environment.
results in only one type of organism that has the exact same characteristics as its ancestors.
results in many different types of organisms with different characteristics from their ancestors.
5. Many animals, including the brittle star and snapping shrimp, make their homes inside sea sponges. Here, the animals not only find safe shelter, but also have a constant flow of well-oxygenated water, and may even eat the substance produced by the sponges. The sponges are not affected in any way by the presence of these animals.Which type of relationship does this represent?
1 point
parasitism
predator/prey
mutualism
commensalism
12. Which of the following is true about genes?
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1 point
Genes are responsible for all the traits of an organism.
In humans, genes are passed to an offspring from two parents.
Genes are made up of smaller molecules known as chromosomes.
The genes of a particular organism can never change throughout its lifetime.
C. Energy is transferred from the algae to the crustacean.
D. Rabbits with a mutation for longer, thicker fur survive an unusually cold winter, while many normal rabbits do not survive.
A. The characteristic (blue eyes) is carried in a recessive gene.
B. heterozygous
A. sharper claws that aid in digging
D. animals on the endangered species list
D. all of these
A. There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
A. The population of snowshoe hare would decrease, and there would be more food available.
A. theory because it is an explanation that is supported by extensive observations, experimentation, and reasoning.
C. It increases the genetic diversity of the tree's offspring.
C. environmental factors.
D. similar
D. phytoplankton
B. 50%
D. grass
C. Fossils
C. asexual
C. how fossil evidence can be used to show the evolution of a species over time.
A. Some plants might die due to a shortage of important nutrients.
A. a lack of genetic variety in the population
D. results in many different types of organisms with different characteristics from their ancestors.
D. commensalism
B. In humans, genes are passed to an offspring from two parents.
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The example that shows a relationship in which both organisms benefit is C. An African wasp Certolsolen arabicus pollinates a fig tree Ficus sycomorus as it eats the tree's nectar.
To determine which example shows a relationship in which both organisms benefit, let's analyze each option:
A. A tick attaching itself to the skin of a dog and taking a blood meal: In this case, the tick benefits from feeding on the dog's blood, but the dog is harmed and does not receive any benefit. It is a detrimental relationship rather than mutually beneficial.
B. A female black widow spider mating with a male spider and then consuming him: In this scenario, the female spider benefits from mating, but the male spider is consumed and does not gain any advantage. Again, it is a detrimental relationship.
C. An African wasp pollinating a fig tree as it eats the tree's nectar: In this example, both organisms benefit. The wasp benefits from the energy it obtains by eating the fig tree's nectar, and the fig tree benefits from the wasp's pollination, which assists in fertilization and reproduction. This is an example of a mutually beneficial relationship known as mutualism.
D. A species of hyena known as the aardwolf consuming termites for nourishment: In this case, the hyena benefits from obtaining food by consuming termites, but the termites are harmed and do not gain any advantage. It is similar to a predation relationship rather than a mutualistic one.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. An African wasp Certolsolen arabicus pollinates a fig tree Ficus sycomorus as it eats the tree's nectar.