Practical: test for aldyhides and ketones using KMnO4 and Tollen's test reagent
Aim: investigations unknown samples A,B and C using KMnO4 and Tollen's reaction to determine aldyhides and ketones
Write the full scientific report following the report format
Note including equations where necessary and show the results in table form
Introduction:
Aldehydes and ketones are two classes of organic compounds that have similar functional groups and chemical properties. They can be distinguished from each other based on their reaction with different reagents like KMnO4 and Tollen's test reagent. In this practical, we aim to investigate three unknown samples (A, B, and C) and determine whether each sample is an aldehyde or a ketone.
Materials and Methods:
For the KMnO4 test, a small amount of each unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of dilute KMnO4 solution were added to each test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in the color of the KMnO4 solution was recorded.
For the Tollen's test, a small amount of each unknown sample was added to a test tube. A few drops of Tollen's reagent were then added to each test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in the appearance or color of Tollen's reagent was recorded.
Results:
The results of the KMnO4 test and Tollen's test for samples A, B, and C are summarized in the table below.
Sample KMnO4 test Tollen's test
A No change in KMnO4 solution Formation of silver mirror
B No change in KMnO4 solution No change in Tollen's reagent
C Decoloration of KMnO4 solution No change in Tollen's reagent
Discussion:
Based on the results of the KMnO4 test, sample A did not show any change in the color of the KMnO4 solution, which indicates that it is not an aldehyde as aldehydes are oxidized by KMnO4 to form a carboxylic acid. Sample B did not show any change in the color of the KMnO4 solution, which indicates that it is not a ketone as ketones are not oxidized by KMnO4. Sample C showed decoloration of the KMnO4 solution, which indicates that it is an aldehyde, as aldehydes are readily oxidized by KMnO4.
Based on the results of Tollen's test, sample A formed a silver mirror, which indicates the presence of an aldehyde functional group. Sample B did not show any change in Tollen's reagent, which indicates that it is not an aldehyde. Sample C did not show any change in Tollen's reagent, which is expected as Tollen's test is not specific for aldehydes.
Conclusion:
We were able to determine the presence of aldehydes or ketones in three unknown samples (A, B, and C) using the KMnO4 test and Tollen's test reagent. Sample A was identified as an aldehyde, sample B was not an aldehyde or ketone, and sample C was identified as an aldehyde. Further tests could be performed to confirm the identity of the unknown samples.
Practical test for aldyhides and ketones
Aim to investigate the unknowns samples A,B and C using KMnO4 Tollen's reagent 10%NaOH, and H2SO4
Write a full scientific report following the report format
Introduction:
Aldehydes and ketones are two classes of organic compounds and can be distinguished from each other based on their chemical properties and reaction with different reagents. In this practical, we aim to investigate three unknown samples (A, B, and C) using KMnO4, Tollen's reagent, 10% NaOH and H2SO4 to determine whether each sample is an aldehyde or ketone.
Materials and Methods:
For the KMnO4 test, a small amount of each unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of dilute KMnO4 solution were added to each test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in the color of the KMnO4 solution was recorded.
For the Tollen's test, a small amount of each unknown sample was added to a test tube. A few drops of Tollen's reagent were then added to each test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in the appearance or color of Tollen's reagent was recorded.
For the 10% NaOH test, a small amount of each unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of 10% NaOH solution were added to each test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in the appearance or color of the mixture was recorded.
For the H2SO4 test, a small amount of each unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of concentrated H2SO4 were added to each test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in the appearance or color of the mixture was recorded.
Results:
The results of the tests for samples A, B, and C are summarized in the table below.
Sample KMnO4 test Tollen's test 10% NaOH test H2SO4 test
A No change in KMnO4 solution Formation of silver mirror No change in appearance Decoloration
B No change in KMnO4 solution No change in Tollen's reagent No change in appearance No change in appearance
C Decoloration of KMnO4 solution No change in Tollen's reagent No change in appearance No change in appearance
Discussion:
Based on the results of the tests, sample A showed decoloration of KMnO4 solution, formation of silver mirror in Tollen's test and decoloration in H2SO4 test. These results are all indicative of the presence of an aldehyde functional group. Sample B did not show any positive reactions in the tests, suggesting it does not contain an aldehyde or ketone functional group. Sample C showed decoloration of KMnO4 solution, indicating the presence of an aldehyde functional group, but did not react with Tollen's reagent 10% NaOH or H2SO4.
Conclusion:
We were able to determine the presence or absence of aldehydes or ketones in three unknown samples (A, B, and C) using various tests including the KMnO4 test, Tollen's reagent, 10% NaOH, and H2SO4 test. Sample A was identified as an aldehyde, sample B does not contain an aldehyde or ketone functional group, and sample C was identified as an aldehyde based on the results of the KMnO4 test. These results can help confirm the identity of unknown samples. Further tests or analysis could be performed to confirm the identity and characteristics of the unknown samples.
Introduction:
Aldehydes and ketones are two classes of organic compounds that can be differentiated using various chemical tests. In this practical, we aim to investigate the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with two different reagents, KMnO4 and Tollen's reagent, and determine their presence in unknown samples.
Materials and Methods:
For the KMnO4 test, a small amount of each unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of 0.3% KMnO4 solution were added to each test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in color was recorded.
For the acidic KMnO4 test, a small amount of the unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of 0.3% KMnO4 solution were added to the test tube, followed by a few drops of concentrated H2SO4. The mixture was heated in a water bath, and the observation of any change in color was recorded.
For the basic KMnO4 test, a small amount of the unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of 0.3% KMnO4 solution were added to the test tube, followed by a few drops of 10% NaOH. The mixture was heated in a water bath, and the observation of any change in color was recorded.
For the Tollen's test, a small amount of the unknown sample was added to a test tube. Then, a few drops of Tollen's reagent were added to the test tube, and the mixture was heated in a water bath. The observation of any change in appearance or color was recorded.
Results:
The results of the tests for samples A, B, and C are summarized in the table below.
Sample KMnO4 test Acidic KMnO4 test Basic KMnO4 test Tollen's test
A Decoloration of KMnO4 No change in color No change in color Formation of silver mirror
B No change in color No change in color No change in color No change in appearance
C Decoloration of KMnO4 No change in color No change in color No change in appearance
Discussion:
a) Observation of Reaction with KMnO4:
Sample A and C exhibited decoloration of KMnO4 solution which indicates that both of them contain aldehydes or ketones as they are oxidized by KMnO4. Sample B did not show any change in color which indicates that it does not contain any aldehydes or ketones.
b) Observation of reaction with KMnO4 in acidic and basic medium respectively with equation:
In the acidic medium, the aldehydes and ketones react with KMnO4 to form carboxylic acid.
2 RCHO + 3 H2SO4 + KMnO4 → K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 3 H2O + 2 RCOOH
In the basic medium, the reaction involves the formation of intermediate enolate ion and then further oxidation to carboxylic acid.
2 RCHO + 3 OH- + 3 KMnO4 → 3 K2CO3 + 2 MnO2 + 4 H2O + 2 RCOOH
c) Observation of reaction with Tollen's reagent:
Sample A formed a silver mirror which indicates the presence of an aldehyde functional group. Sample B and C did not show any reaction with Tollen's reagent.
Observation after heating with equation:
2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + RCHO + 3 H2O → RCOOH + 4 NH3 + 2 Ag +
Conclusion:
We were able to determine the presence or absence of aldehydes or ketones in three unknown samples (A, B, and C) using the KMnO4 and Tollen's reagent tests. Sample A was identified as an aldehyde, sample B was not an aldehyde or ketone, and sample C was identified as an aldehyde based on the results of the KMnO4 test. These results can help confirm the identity of unknown samples. Further tests or analysis could be performed to confirm the identity and characteristics of unknown samples.
What happened after heating when using Tollen's reagent and KMnO4 to test aldyhides and ketones
Products. For those product give the results respectively when testing with acid and base with color changes
1. Hibiscus solution
2.lemon juice
3. Rain water
4. Vinegar
5. Soap
6. Toothpaste
7. Cleaning detergent
8.shampoo
9. Hibiscus
10. Ash from fire mixed with water
As there are no specific tests mentioned and the question asks for color changes with acids and bases, the following are the possible observations for the products mentioned when testing with acid and base.
1. Hibiscus solution:
Acid: The hibiscus solution may turn red when mixed with acid.
Base: The hibiscus solution may turn green when mixed with a base.
2. Lemon juice:
Acid: The color of the lemon juice may intensify when mixed with an acid.
Base: The color of the lemon juice may change or become cloudy when mixed with a base.
3. Rainwater:
Acid: Rainwater may become acidic when mixed with an acid but may not show any significant color change.
Base: Rainwater may not show any significant color change when mixed with a base.
4. Vinegar:
Acid: Vinegar may not show any significant color change when mixed with an acid.
Base: The color of vinegar may turn slightly red when mixed with a base.
5. Soap:
Acid: The color of soap may become darker or more translucent when mixed with acid.
Base: The color of soap may become cloudy or milky when mixed with a base.
6. Toothpaste:
Acid: The color of toothpaste may become slightly yellow when mixed with an acid.
Base: The color of toothpaste may become white or lighter when mixed with a base.
7. Cleaning detergent:
Acid: The cleaning detergent may become more acidic when mixed with an acid but may not show any significant color change.
Base: The cleaning detergent may turn brown or yellow when mixed with a base.
8. Shampoo:
Acid: The color of shampoo may become slightly yellow when mixed with an acid.
Base: The color of shampoo may become white or lighter when mixed with a base.
9. Hibiscus plant:
Acid: The color of hibiscus plant may become more intense or vibrant when mixed with an acid.
Base: The color of hibiscus plant may become dull or faded when mixed with a base.
10. Ash from fire mixed with water:
Acid:
When ash from fire mixed with water with acid and base give the color change respectively
Standard Based Lesson Plan_ png schools
Topic periodic table
Sub topic the features of the period table
Objective by at the end of this lesson students can able to;
1. Identify the features of the periodic table
2. Define period and group
3. Describe metal from non metal
4. Describe little box found in a periodic table
Information given above, slot in a table format of lesson plan stated above with the lesson notes
Test for aldyhides and ketones using KMnO4 0.3% ( oxidation of aldyhides and ketones with KMnO4)
In the results discuss the following;
a) observation of reaction with KMnO4
b) observation of reaction with KMnO4 in acidic and basic medium respectively with equation
Part 2. Reaction of aldyhides and ketones with Tollen's reagent (oxidation)
In the results discuss the following
a) observation of reaction with Tollen's reagent
b) observation after heating with equation
Note for both in the results include table as well
Part c. Based on the results above doscus using equations and make a conclusion