The Great Schism resulted most directly from the
differences in religious beliefs and practices between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches, as well as political and cultural differences. The dispute over the use of icons during worship, married clergy, and the authority of the Pope contributed to the increasing tension between the churches. The final split occurred in 1054 when the Pope and the Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other, effectively separating the Eastern Orthodox Church from the Catholic Church.
16. Which of the following was a major factor in the decline of the Roman empire? (select two answers)
*
1 point
arrival of invaders
The Great Schism
The Imperial Crisis
Iconoclasm
Arrival of invaders and The Imperial Crisis were major factors in the decline of the Roman empire.
The Great Schism refers to a major split within the Christian Church in the 11th century. It resulted in the division between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The primary cause of the Great Schism was a combination of theological, cultural, and political disagreements between the Pope in Rome (representing the Western Church) and the Patriarch of Constantinople (representing the Eastern Church).
To understand the causes of the Great Schism more directly, it's important to delve into the historical context. Here's how you can explore this topic further:
1. Start with the theological differences: Theological disputes played a significant role in triggering the Great Schism. Research the doctrinal differences that emerged between the Eastern and Western Churches. For instance, disagreements revolved around the filioque controversy (the addition of a clause to the Nicene Creed), the role of the Pope, and differing interpretations of the nature of Christ.
2. Dive into cultural factors: The Eastern and Western Churches had distinct cultural differences, which contributed to the growing tensions. Explore the social, linguistic, and cultural disparities between the Roman and Byzantine Empires. Learn about the influence of Greek Orthodox traditions in the East and the Latin traditions in the West.
3. Understand political influences: Political factors also played a significant role. Investigate the power struggles between Rome and Constantinople, including the Byzantine Empire's gradual separation from the Western Roman Empire, the rise of Islam, and the conflicts over authority. Study the events leading up to the final split, such as the excommunication of Patriarch Michael Cerularius by Pope Leo IX in 1054.
4. Analyze primary sources: To get a comprehensive understanding, read primary sources from both sides of the Schism. For example, examine the official documents, letters, and theological writings from church leaders involved in the controversy. These sources can offer valuable insights into the perspectives and arguments raised by each side.
5. Consult scholarly works: To gain a well-rounded view of the Great Schism, consult academic books, journal articles, and research papers. Scholars specializing in church history, theology, and medieval history have extensively studied this topic, providing in-depth analysis and interpretations.
By following these steps, you can gain a more direct understanding of the causes behind the Great Schism and the complexities involved in this significant event in Christian history.