Environmental Factors that affect spawning
1. Temperature: The ideal temperature for spawning varies by species, but generally ranges from 10-20°C. Too high or too low temperatures can inhibit spawning or cause poor egg quality.
2. Photoperiod: The length of daylight hours can affect the timing of spawning in some species. For example, salmon and trout typically spawn during autumn, when the days are shorter and water temperatures are cooler.
3. Water quality: Poor water quality, including high levels of pollutants or low oxygen levels, can hinder reproductive success and cause deformities in developing embryos.
4. Habitat: Availability and quality of spawning habitat, including suitable substrate for egg attachment and protection from predators, can impact the success of spawning.
5. Food availability: Adequate food availability is essential for reproductive success, as fish need to build energy reserves for spawning and provide nutrition for developing embryos.
6. Predation: Predation can be a significant factor affecting spawning success, as eggs and juveniles are vulnerable to predation by other fish and aquatic predators.
7. Human interference: Anthropogenic factors, such as overfishing, damming of rivers, and pollution, can negatively impact spawning populations by reducing habitat, altering the natural flow of rivers, or introducing harmful substances into aquatic environments.