Factors affecting rate of photosynthesis
1. Light intensity: Photosynthesis requires energy from sunlight, so the rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing light intensity until a certain maximum level is reached. After that, the rate remains constant.
2. Temperature: Photosynthesis is a biochemical reaction that is influenced by temperature. The enzymes involved in the process work optimally at a certain temperature range. If the temperature is too low or too high, the rate of photosynthesis decreases drastically.
3. Carbon dioxide concentration: Carbon dioxide is one of the reactants in photosynthesis, and as such, its concentration in the air affects photosynthesis. The higher the concentration of carbon dioxide, the faster photosynthesis will occur until a saturation point is reached.
4. Availability of water: Water is a crucial component for photosynthesis, as it is used as an electron donor during the light-dependent reactions. Without adequate water supply, photosynthesis cannot take place at its optimum rate.
5. Chlorophyll concentration: Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis. If the concentration of chlorophyll in the plant is low, the rate of photosynthesis will be slow.
6. Nutrient availability: Plants require nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with other minerals like magnesium and iron, for their growth and development. A deficiency in any of these nutrients can adversely affect the rate of photosynthesis.
7. Air pollution: Air pollution, particularly from smog and automobile exhaust, releases harmful chemicals that can negatively affect the rate of photosynthesis. Excessive pollution can even lead to the death of plants.