what are the three ingredients for the formation of a new species or speciation
1. Genetic isolation: A population of organisms becomes separated from the rest of its species, either geographically, behaviorally, or reproductively. This separation leads to the evolution of genetic differences over time.
2. Genetic divergence: The isolated population undergoes genetic changes, due to mutation, recombination, and natural selection, that lead to the accumulation of genetic differences between it and the original population. Over time, these genetic differences become significant enough that members of the isolated population can no longer interbreed with the original population.
3. Reproductive isolation: The genetic differences between the two populations reach a point where they are unable to produce viable offspring, even if they were to come into contact with each other again. This is the final step in speciation, as it marks the point at which the two populations have become distinct species.