A dynamic equilibrium can be achieved in both closed and open systems. A closed system is one that does not exchange matter or energy with its surroundings, while an open system is one that does exchange matter or energy with its surroundings. In a closed system, a dynamic equilibrium is achieved when the forward and reverse rates of a reaction are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. In an open system, a dynamic equilibrium can also be achieved if the system is able to constantly exchange matter or energy with its surroundings to maintain a balance.
