Define the following frameworks in research and cite references:
1. Theoretical Framework
2. Conceptual Framework
1. Theoretical Framework
A theoretical framework is a structure that forms the basis of a research study by providing the context and grounding for the research problem. It does this by integrating existing theoretical and empirical literature to create a coherent structure that supports the research objectives (Miles & Huberman, 1994). A well-defined theoretical framework helps researchers identify the key concepts and relationships, generates research questions, and informs the research methodology. In essence, the theoretical framework serves as a map that guides the researcher throughout the research process (Whetten, 2009).
References:
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Whetten, D. A. (2009). An examination of the interface between context and theory applied to the study of Chinese organizations. Management and Organization Review, 5(1), 29-56.
2. Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework is a system of concepts, assumptions, expectations, and theories that supports and informs the research study by providing context and underlying structure (Miles & Huberman, 1994). It is a visual or written product that illustrates the key factors, variables, and relationships among them, organized into a coherent model. A conceptual framework helps researchers clarify their understanding of the research problem, identify relevant constructs or variables, and establish a structure for developing hypotheses, interpreting findings, and generating conclusions (Jabareen, 2009).
References:
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Jabareen, Y. (2009). Building a conceptual framework: Philosophy, definitions, and procedure. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(4), 49-62.