The factors that enabled Ethiopia to secure victory at the Battle of Adwa included the superior military tactics of Emperor Menelik II, the use of modern weapons such as rifles and cannons, the support of the local population, and the terrain of the battlefield, which was difficult for the Italian forces to traverse. Additionally, the Ethiopian forces were well-prepared and organized, while the Italian forces were ill-prepared and disorganized. Finally, the Ethiopian forces were motivated by a strong sense of national pride and a desire to protect their homeland.
