1. Friends speak to each other informally.

2. when the president gives a speech to the nation & when a college sends a letter of acceptance.
3. context
4. exact
5. Hello, my name is Phillipe.

The context of when to speak informally and when to speak formally depends on the exact situation. For example, friends would speak to each other informally, while the president would give a speech to the nation formally and a college would send a letter of acceptance formally. In contrast, a greeting such as "Hello, my name is Phillipe" would be considered informal.