A student wants to conduct an experiment to see how much NaCl can be produced in the reaction between HCl and NaOH with water as the additional product. The student has 4.00 g of NaOH, if the student adds excess HCl to the NaOH how much NaCl will be produced? Show all your work.
Write the balanced reaction.
HCl + NaOH yields NaCl + H20
Reactants Products
Count each type of atom on both sides of the reaction.
Calculate the molar mass of NaCl and NaOH.
Use the above information to calculate the mass of NaCl produced from the reaction.
It looks like it's pretty clear what has to be done.
What have you done so far?
Once you know how many moles of NaOH you have, the equation will tell you how many moles of products to expect.
To calculate the mass of NaCl produced from the reaction between NaOH and HCl, we need to determine the limiting reactant.
Step 1: Write the balanced equation:
HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O
Step 2: Count each type of atom on both sides of the reaction:
Reactants:
H: 1 (from HCl)
Cl: 1 (from HCl)
Na: 1 (from NaOH)
O: 1 (from NaOH)
Products:
Na: 1 (from NaCl)
Cl: 1 (from NaCl)
H: 2 (from H2O)
O: 1 (from H2O)
Step 3: Calculate the molar mass of NaCl and NaOH:
The molar mass of an element is the mass of one mole of that element. The molar mass of NaCl can be found by adding the atomic masses of Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine).
The atomic mass of Na is 22.99 g/mol and the atomic mass of Cl is 35.45 g/mol. Adding these together, we get:
Na: 22.99 g/mol
Cl: 35.45 g/mol
Molar mass of NaCl: 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol = 58.44 g/mol
Similarly, the molar mass of NaOH can be found by adding the atomic masses of Na, O (oxygen), and H (hydrogen).
Na: 22.99 g/mol
O: 16.00 g/mol
H: 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of NaOH: 22.99 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol = 40.00 g/mol
Step 4: Determine the limiting reactant:
To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant to determine which one will run out first.
Given that the student has 4.00 g of NaOH, we can calculate the number of moles of NaOH using its molar mass:
Mass of NaOH = 4.00 g
Molar mass of NaOH = 40.00 g/mol
Number of moles of NaOH = Mass of NaOH / Molar mass of NaOH = 4.00 g / 40.00 g/mol = 0.10 mol
Since the reaction is 1:1 between NaOH and NaCl, the moles of NaCl produced will be the same as the moles of NaOH consumed.
Step 5: Calculate the mass of NaCl produced:
Now that we know the number of moles of NaCl produced is equal to the number of moles of NaOH, we can calculate the mass of NaCl using its molar mass:
Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
Number of moles of NaCl = Number of moles of NaOH = 0.10 mol
Mass of NaCl = Number of moles of NaCl * Molar mass of NaCl = 0.10 mol * 58.44 g/mol = 5.844 g
Therefore, if the student adds excess HCl to 4.00 g of NaOH, the amount of NaCl produced will be 5.844 g.
To calculate the mass of NaCl produced from the reaction between HCl and NaOH, we first need to balance the equation:
HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O
Now, let's count the number of atoms on both sides of the equation:
Reactants:
1 H (hydrogen) atom from HCl
1 Cl (chlorine) atom from HCl
1 Na (sodium) atom from NaOH
1 O (oxygen) atom from NaOH
1 H (hydrogen) atom from NaOH
Products:
1 Na (sodium) atom from NaCl
1 Cl (chlorine) atom from NaCl
2 H (hydrogen) atoms from H2O
1 O (oxygen) atom from H2O
Next, we need to calculate the molar mass of NaCl and NaOH:
The molar mass of NaCl is the sum of the atomic masses of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl).
Na: 22.99 g/mol
Cl: 35.45 g/mol
Molar mass of NaCl = 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol = 58.44 g/mol
The molar mass of NaOH is the sum of the atomic masses of sodium (Na), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H).
Na: 22.99 g/mol
O: 16.00 g/mol
H: 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of NaOH = 22.99 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol = 40.00 g/mol
Now, let's calculate the mass of NaCl produced from the reaction:
Given: 4.00 g of NaOH
Using the molar mass of NaOH, we can calculate the number of moles of NaOH:
moles of NaOH = mass of NaOH / molar mass of NaOH
moles of NaOH = 4.00 g / 40.00 g/mol = 0.10 mol
From the balanced equation, we can see that the molar ratio between NaOH and NaCl is 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of NaOH, we will produce 1 mole of NaCl.
Therefore, the mass of NaCl produced will be the same as the mass of NaOH used:
mass of NaCl = mass of NaOH
mass of NaCl = 4.00 g
So, 4.00 g of NaCl will be produced in the reaction.