Q1 Find the correct definition that matches the term in the bank.
Column A
1.
heterozygous:
heterozygous
2.
probability:
probability
3.
trait:
trait
4.
dominant:
dominant
5.
recessive:
recessive
6.
heredity:
heredity
Column B
a.the mathematical chance that something will happen
b.the passing of traits from parent to offspring
c.when the offspring inherits two different alleles
d.the allele that always shows up and hides the weaker allele
e.characteristic of an organism that makes it unique
f.the allele that is always masked in the presence of the stronger allele
Q2 At one time, scientists proposed a principle called the central dogma. This principle stated that in the body, a chemical substance called DNA contains information. This information passes from DNA to RNA, but not from RNA to DNA. Then in 1970, scientists proved that some types of RNA can transfer information to DNA. What can you conclude from this information? a
Scientists have made many life-saving discoveries.
b
Scientists work together to advance scientific knowledge.
c
Scientists often respond to what they see as needs in society.
d
Scientists may find new information that causes them to modify their ideas.
Where does the light DEPENDENT reaction take place?
thylakoids of chloroplasts
b
stroma of chloroplasts
c
mitochondria
d
ribosomes
What is/are the role(s) of proteins in the cell membrane?
a
Act as an enzyme (for critical reactions)
b
A chemical marker (transduction)
c
Transport
d
All of the above
Question 5
A student can study a karyotype to learn about the . . .
a
Molecular structure of a chromosome.
b
Genes that are present in a particular strand of DNA
c
Medical history of an individual.
d
Chromosomes present in a somatic cell.
e
eye and hair color of an organisms
Question 6
When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push them OUT OF THE CELL, which term best describe the process by which cells release substances from the cell?
a
endocytosis
b
phagocytosis
c
exocytosis
d
pinocytosis
Question 7
Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in
a
animal cells only
b
plant cells only
c
all organisms except plants
d
plants, animals, protists, fungi
Question 8
If a red blood cell is placed in a HYPOTONIC solution, what will most likely happen to the cell?
a
water moves into the cell causing it to burst.
b
salt moves into the cell causing it to burst.
c
water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink.
d
salt moves out of the cell causing it to shrink
Question 9
Which method of transport moves substances in or out of the cell that REQUIRES ENERGY?
a
diffusion
b
facilitated diffusion
c
osmosis
d
active transport
Question 10
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the _____, and on the surface of _____.
a
cytoplasm, golgi apparatus
b
nucleus, golgi apparatus
c
cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum
d
cytoplasm, golgi apparatus
e
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
Question 11
During protein synthesis, _____ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from the DNA.
a
transfer
b
messenger
c
ribosomal
d
all of the choices are correct
Question 12
What type of chromosomal mutation has taken place?
a
deletion
b
inversion
c
duplication
d
translocation
Question 13
The only DIFFERENCE between diffusion and facilitated diffusion is
a
facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
b
facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cell.
c
facilitated diffusion requires energy.
d
diffusion requires energy.
Question 14
A mutation is least likely to affect a cell when the mutation---
a
reverses the order of bases in a DNA strand
b
allows the total number of bases in a DNA sequence to remain the same
c
replaces a base with its complementary base
d
produces a triplet that codes for the same amino acid as the original triplet
Question 15
In the Punnett square shown, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?
T = tall
t= short
a
about half are expected to be short
b
all are expected to be short
c
about three fourths are expected to be tall
d
all are expected to be tall
e
impossible to determine
Question 16
During DNA Replication, a DNA strand that has the bases 3'ATACGC5' produces a strand with the bases
a
5'GCGTAT3'
b
5'TATGCG3'
c
3'GCGTAT5'
d
3'TATGCG5'
Question 17
DNA replication occurs in the ____________ of _________ cells.
a
nucleus : eukaryotic
b
nucleus : prokaryotic
c
nucleus : plant and animal cells only
d
cytoplasm : eukaryotic
Question 18
Food color is placed in a beaker of water, the dye molecules spread throughout the beaker by:
a
osmosis
b
endocytosis
c
diffusion
d
active transport
Question 19
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING - Study the graph in Figure 76. Compare line A to line B. Which statement below is NOT true?
a
Line B is increasing faster than Line A
b
Line B reached its maximum after 15 min.
c
Line A traveled double the distance of Line B.
d
Line A traveled 10 mm after 10 min.
Question 20
Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things. What is one of these characteristics?
a
They are made up of many specialized cells.
b
They contain genetic material.
c
They reproduce by mitosis.
d
They contain chlorophyll.
Question 21
In which stage of the cell cycle does DNA duplicate in order to have two copies for cell division?
a
G1
b
S
c
Mitosis
d
Cytokinesis
e
G2
Question 22
A mutation in a DNA molecule is passed to offspring only when the mutation occurs in a ____
a
neuron
b
cell wall
c
nuclear membrane
d
gamete
Question 23
Study the information on the chart and the graphic. What can you infer about photosynthesis?
a
The closer the light source, the higher the amount of oxygen gas.
b
The closer the light source, the higher the amount of carbon dioxide gas.
c
The closer the light source, the lower the amount of oxygen gas.
d
The closer the light source, the lower the amount of carbon dioxide gas.
Question 24
Cellular respiration is called aerobic because it requires
a
light
b
oxygen
c
glucose
d
exercise
Question 25
The Hamster Pet Farm ordered a pair of black haired hamsters for breeding. The first generation were all black hamsters.
When the Pet Farm mated hamsters of the first generation, one of the offspring turned out to be white. The Pet Farm said this must have been caused by a "hidden gene." Why did this happen?
a
Both original parents had to be heterozygous
b
At least one original parent had to be heterozygous
c
Hidden traits are due to random mutations
d
Both first generation parents were white.
Question 26
Match the # in the diagram with the correct structure/term.
Column A
1.
1:
1
2.
2:
2
3.
3:
3
4.
4:
4
Column B
a.amino acid
b.tRNA (anti-codon)
c.polypeptide chain (protein)
d.codon
Question 27
Structures found in eukaryotic cells but not in a bacterial cells are
a
nuclei
b
linear chromosomes
c
membrane-bound organelles.
d
All of the above
Question 28
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by lowering the
a
active site energy of the reaction.
b
speed of the reaction.
c
temperature of the reaction.
d
activation energy of the reaction.
Question 29
A murderous criminal left behind blood on a broken window that was collected at the crime scene.
According to the DNA fingerprint shown-who committed this heinous crime?
a
Bob
b
Sue
c
John
d
Lisa
e
impossible to determine
Question 30
The karyotype below depicts a mutation on chromosome #23. What type of mutation is this?
a
NONDISJUCTION
b
INVERSION
c
TRANSLOCATION
d
DELETION
Question 31
Which scientist was the first to describe the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment?
a
James Watson
b
Gregor Mendel
c
Thomas Morgan
d
Carl Linnaeus
Question 32
Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide to convert sunlight energy into
a
oxygen
b
high energy sugars and starches
c
ATP and oxygen
d
oxygen and glucose (chemical energy)
Question 33
Which cell structure of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells helps maintain homeostasis by regulating the movement of materials into and out of the cell?
a
cell wall
b
nucleus
c
cell membrane
d
ribosomes
Question 34
When you cross two heterozygous organisms, what is the probability that the offspring will show the dominant phenotype?
(HINT: You may want to draw a Punnett Square on a separate piece of paper to help.)
a
0%
b
25%
c
50%
d
75%
e
100%
Question 35
How do the offspring of asexual reproduction differ from those of sexual reproduction?
a
cells produced through asexual reproduction are genetically identical to their parents
b
cells produced through asexual reproduction do not grow and divide
c
cells produced thual reproduction do not possess genetic material
d
cells produced through asexual reproduction have a unique set of genetic material instructions unlike their parents.
Question 36
After phagocytosis occurs, enzymes from which organelle can digest what is in the vesicle/vacuole?
a
lysosome
b
golgi apparatus
c
mitochondria
d
cytoskeleton
Question 37
Given the mRNA codons AGC UUC GAU, what would be the resulting amino acid sequence after translation?
a
Serine-Lysine-Leucine
b
Aspartic acid-Phenylalanine-Serine
c
Methionine-Asparagine-Leucine
d
Serine-Phenylalanine-Aspartic acid
e
None of the above
Question 38
The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called:
a
decomposers
b
prokaryotes
c
pathogens
d
eukaryotes
e
fermenters
Question 39
The stage of the cell cycle when DNA replication occurs is _______________.
a
interphase
b
prophase
c
anaphase
d
telophase
Question 40
Energy is released from ATP when
a
a phosphate group is added
b
adenine bonds to ribose
c
ATP is exposed to light
d
a phosphate group is removed from ATP
bruh this is long lol