OUTCOMES OF HEWETT TREATY DISARTROUS FOR ETHIOPIA
The Hewett Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Hewett, refers to the agreement signed between the British Empire and the Ethiopian Empire in 1884. While the treaty had various implications, some argue that it had disastrous outcomes for Ethiopia. Here is an explanation of the treaty and its consequences:
1. Background of the Treaty: During the Scramble for Africa, European powers sought to establish territorial control and influence over the African continent. Ethiopia, under Emperor Menelik II, was able to resist colonial subjugation and maintain its independence. However, the Hewett Treaty marked an important shift in this struggle.
2. Territory and Border Disputes: Under the treaty, Ethiopia recognized the sovereignty of British-held territories of Eritrea and the Sudan, which were claimed by Ethiopia. This led to ongoing border disputes and conflicts that persisted for many years. Ethiopia effectively lost control over significant territories that it considered its own.
3. Trade and Economic Consequences: The treaty granted the British rights to trade with Ethiopia and establish consulates within its territory. While this was supposed to encourage economic development, it also gave the British significant control over Ethiopian commerce. The British exploited Ethiopian resources, leading to unequal trade relations that disadvantaged Ethiopia.
4. Undermining Ethiopian Sovereignty: The treaty highlighted a power imbalance between Ethiopia and the British Empire. By signing the agreement, Ethiopia acknowledged European influence, which undermined its image as a fully sovereign nation. This had implications beyond the specific terms of the treaty, as it weakened Ethiopia's bargaining power in future negotiations with other European powers.
5. Colonial Encroachment: The treaty allowed the British to establish military bases within Ethiopia, essentially encroaching on its territory. This had long-term consequences, as it set a precedent for further European meddling and eventually contributed to the Italian colonial invasion of Ethiopia in the 1930s.
It's important to note that while some argue the outcomes of the Hewett Treaty were disastrous for Ethiopia, others believe that it helped maintain relative independence at a time when many other African nations were colonized. The treaty's impact is a matter of interpretation and historical perspective.