Name the intermolecular force that corresponds to:
1. an attraction between a partially positive region in one molecule and a partially negative region in another molecule.
2. an attraction between a negatively charged particle and a partially positive region in a molecule.
You can get all of this by Googling "intermolecular forces".
a. dipole-dipole
b. ion-dipole
yes
1. The intermolecular force being described here is called a dipole-dipole interaction. These interactions occur between molecules that have polar bonds, where there is an asymmetrical distribution of charge. In a polar bond, the electrons are not shared equally between the atoms involved, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other. When two molecules with polar bonds come close to each other, the partially positive region of one molecule is attracted to the partially negative region of the other molecule, forming a dipole-dipole interaction.
To determine if a molecule has dipole-dipole interactions, you need to consider the polarity of its bonds and the overall geometry of the molecule. A good starting point is to identify any bonds between atoms with different electronegativities. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself. Subtracting the electronegativities of the bonded atoms can help determine if the bond is polar or nonpolar. Additionally, the molecular shape and symmetry can influence the overall polarity of the molecule. If a molecule has polar bonds and is not symmetrical, it is likely to have dipole-dipole interactions.
2. The intermolecular force being described here is known as an ion-dipole interaction. Ion-dipole interactions occur when an ion, which is a charged particle, is attracted to a region of a molecule with an opposite partial charge. For example, if a positively charged ion (cation) comes close to a molecule with a partially positive region, the positive charge of the cation is attracted to the partially positive region of the molecule, forming an ion-dipole interaction.
To identify if a molecule can form an ion-dipole interaction, you need to consider the presence of ions and molecules with polar bonds. First, check if there are any charged ions present. Then, determine if the molecule or molecules in question have polar bonds. If both ions and polar molecules are present, there is a potential for ion-dipole interactions to occur. Remember, the strength of the ion-dipole interaction depends on the magnitude of the charges involved and the distance between the ion and the molecule.