Which describes a mutation?
if it occurs in a body cell, the cell cannot continue to divide
if it occurs in a sex cell, the cell automatically dies
if it occurs in a body cell, it can be passed on to an offspring
if it occurs in a sex cell, it can be passed on to an offspring
Which describes a sex cell?
acquires 12 pairs of chromosomes from the parent cell
receives one chromosome from each pair in the parent cell
gets half of the pairs of the chromosomes from the parent cell
has all of the chromosomes that are present in the parent cell
What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis?
copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus
carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus
Which describes a mutation that occurs within a gene?
An extra base pair must be added for a mutation to occur.
A single base pair can be added, removed, or changed.
A single base pair must be removed for a deletion.
Mutations always involve the deletion of a single base.
A harmful mutation _____.
reduces the organism’s chance for survival
increases the organism’s ability to reproduce
alters the phenotype of the organism
changes the environment of the organism
PLEASE, HELP
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ok I'm done
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To determine the correct answer for each question, we need to understand the concepts involved and analyze the given options.
1. Which describes a mutation?
A mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence. Let's analyze each option:
a) If it occurs in a body cell, the cell cannot continue to divide:
This option describes a mutation in a body cell (somatic cell) that prevents the division of that specific cell. However, this does not address the broader concept of a mutation.
b) If it occurs in a sex cell, the cell automatically dies:
This option describes a mutation in a sex cell (gamete) that causes the cell to die. Again, this does not capture the complete concept of a mutation.
c) If it occurs in a body cell, it can be passed on to an offspring:
This option correctly states that a mutation in a body cell can be passed on to offspring, as changes in DNA can affect the genetic information transmitted to the next generation.
d) If it occurs in a sex cell, it can be passed on to an offspring:
This option also captures the concept of passing on a mutation to offspring, but specifically mentions mutations in sex cells.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is: if it occurs in a body cell, it can be passed on to an offspring.
2. Which describes a sex cell?
A sex cell refers to the reproductive cells (sperm and egg). Let's analyze the given options:
a) Acquires 12 pairs of chromosomes from the parent cell:
This option is incorrect because a sex cell receives a single set of chromosomes (half the chromosomes present in other body cells).
b) Receives one chromosome from each pair in the parent cell:
This option correctly describes how a sex cell receives one chromosome from each pair of chromosomes present in the parent cell.
c) Gets half of the pairs of chromosomes from the parent cell:
This option is correct in terms of the concept, as a sex cell gets half the number of chromosomes compared to other body cells.
d) Has all of the chromosomes that are present in the parent cell:
This option is incorrect because a sex cell does not have all the chromosomes present in the parent cell.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is: receives one chromosome from each pair in the parent cell.
3. What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis?
During protein synthesis, messenger RNA (mRNA) plays a specific role. Let's analyze the given options:
a) Copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus:
This option is incorrect because proteins do not carry coded messages into the nucleus.
b) Carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein:
This option describes the role of transfer RNA (tRNA), not mRNA. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
c) Copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm:
This option accurately describes the role of mRNA, as it copies the coded message from DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs.
d) Copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus:
This option is incorrect because mRNA carries the coded message from DNA into the cytoplasm, not the nucleus.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is: copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm.
4. Which describes a mutation that occurs within a gene?
A mutation occurring within a gene refers to a change in the DNA sequence of that specific gene. Let's analyze the given options:
a) An extra base pair must be added for a mutation to occur:
This option is incorrect because a mutation can involve the addition, removal, or change of a single base pair or multiple base pairs.
b) A single base pair can be added, removed, or changed:
This option accurately describes the possibilities for a mutation within a gene, as a single base pair can be added, removed, or changed, leading to different genetic outcomes.
c) A single base pair must be removed for a deletion:
This option is incorrect because a deletion mutation involves the removal of one or more base pairs, not specifically a single base pair.
d) Mutations always involve the deletion of a single base:
This option is incorrect because mutations can involve various changes in the DNA sequence, including the addition or change of base pairs, not only deletions.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is: a single base pair can be added, removed, or changed.
5. A harmful mutation _____.
Now, let's evaluate the given options:
a) Reduces the organism’s chance for survival:
This option correctly describes a harmful mutation, as it decreases the organism's chance for survival by affecting its ability to function or adapt.
b) Increases the organism’s ability to reproduce:
This option is incorrect because a harmful mutation does not improve the organism's ability to reproduce. It typically hinders or impairs reproductive fitness.
c) Alters the phenotype of the organism:
This option is correct, as a harmful mutation can cause changes in an organism's physical or observable traits (phenotype).
d) Changes the environment of the organism:
This option is incorrect because a harmful mutation does not directly change the organism's environment. It might affect the organism's interactions with the environment, but it does not alter the environment itself.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is: reduces the organism's chance for survival.