2HCl(aq) + K2CO3(aq) = H2O(l) + 2KCl(aq) +CO2(g)
A total of 2.0 moles of potassium carbonate and 3.0 moles of hydrochloric acid are combined; the reaction proceeds to completion.
d. How many moles of water are formed?
e. What is the mass of water that is formed?
f. Water has a density of 1.00 g/mL at room temperature. What volume of water is produced?
g. Carbon dioxide is a gas. It turns out that 1.00 moles of any gas occupies 24.0 L at 20 ̊C under 1.00 atmospheres (atm) of pressure. What volume of carbon dioxide (at 20 ̊C under 1.00 atm) is formed?
To find the answers to these questions, we need to use the balanced chemical equation and the given stoichiometric ratios to calculate the amounts involved.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
2HCl(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → H2O(l) + 2KCl(aq) + CO2(g)
Given:
- Moles of K2CO3 = 2.0
- Moles of HCl = 3.0
d. To find the moles of water formed, we look at the coefficient of H2O in the balanced equation, which is 1. According to the stoichiometry, for every 2 moles of HCl, 1 mole of H2O is produced. So, if the moles of HCl are 3.0, then the moles of water would be 3.0/2 = 1.5 moles.
e. To find the mass of water formed, we need to use the molar mass of water, which is 18.015 g/mol. Multiplying the moles of water (1.5) by the molar mass gives us the mass: 1.5 moles × 18.015 g/mol = 27.0225 g.
f. To find the volume of water produced, we need to use the density of water, which is 1.00 g/mL. Since the mass of water formed is 27.0225 g, the volume can be calculated by dividing the mass by the density: 27.0225 g / 1.00 g/mL = 27.0225 mL.
g. To find the volume of carbon dioxide produced, we can use the stoichiometric ratio between HCl and CO2. According to the balanced equation, for every 2 moles of HCl, 1 mole of CO2 is produced. So, if the moles of HCl are 3.0, then the moles of CO2 would be 3.0/2 = 1.5 moles.
We also know that 1 mole of a gas at 20 ̊C and 1.00 atm occupies a volume of 24.0 L. Therefore, 1.5 moles of CO2 would occupy 24.0 L × 1.5 = 36.0 L.
To summarize:
d. The number of moles of water formed is 1.5 moles.
e. The mass of water formed is 27.0225 g.
f. The volume of water produced is 27.0225 mL.
g. The volume of carbon dioxide formed is 36.0 L.