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How many major “waves,” or periods, of immigration did the United States experience after the Civil War?

The United States experienced major waves of immigration during the colonial era, the first part of the 19th century and from the 1880s to 1920. Many immigrants came to America seeking greater economic opportunity, while some, such as the Pilgrims in the early 1600s, arrived in search of religious freedom.

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After the Civil War, the United States witnessed three major waves of immigration. The first wave occurred in the late 19th century and early 20th century, commonly known as the "Old Immigration." It saw millions of Europeans, especially from Western and Northern Europe, seeking opportunities in America. The second wave took place between the late 19th century and mid-20th century and consisted of immigrants primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe. This period marked the emergence of the "New Immigration." Lastly, the third wave of immigration occurred after the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which ended discriminatory immigration policies. This wave brought a substantial number of immigrants from Latin America, Asia, and other regions. These waves of immigration have played a significant role in shaping the diverse cultural fabric of the United States we see today.