Let's say you're in a club, what exactly would you say to the president of the club to get a position in the club? (secretary, treasurer, vice-president, etc)

Depending on the position you want, you'd need to convince the president (or the voters) that you have the skills to do well in that position. For example, if you want to serve as treasurer, you'd need VERY good math grades.

You'd need to alter some ideas a bit, but the ideas in the linked articles below should be workable.

How To Get Elected to an Officer Position and Demonstrate ...
https://www.niche.com/blog/running-for-a-leadership-position-in-an-extracurricular-heres-how-to-win/
May 31, 2019 - Clubs typically elect a president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, and ... in an extracurricular activity is to get an official leadership position. ... responsible leaders who will make a difference both at school and in the wider ...

[PDF]Club Leadership Structure and Duties of Executive Officers
https://www.alumni.dartmouth.edu/sites/default/files/prev/clubs/documents/clubstructureanddutiesofofficers.pdf
The critical leadership positions are the President, Vice President, Secretary, and ... Most clubs also find it convenient to appoint an executive committee comprised .... and to arrange visits by College admissions officers with school counselors, ...

Club Leader Position Information | Student Activities | Drew ...
https://www.drew.edu/StudentActivities/student-organization-forms/club-leader-position-information
All student organizations are required to have the following two officers : ... The duties for this position should be tailored as the student organization deems ...