How does the chromosome number in daughter cells compare to the parent cell in mitosis and meiosis?
*** not multiple choice
Homologous pairs are separated, and the two resulting daughter cells have half as many chromosomes per cell. The two daughter cells produced from meiosis I enter meiosis II where they each are divided again to produce a total of four haploid daughter cells.
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In mitosis, the chromosome number in daughter cells is the same as the parent cell, while in meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced by half.
Now, let's delve into some explanations on how this happens in both mitosis and meiosis:
1. Mitosis:
During mitosis, the original cell (parent cell) undergoes a series of stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these stages, the chromosomes duplicate and are divided equally between the two daughter cells. This results in each daughter cell containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. For example, in humans, a diploid cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells, each also containing 46 chromosomes.
2. Meiosis:
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells (such as eggs and sperm) and leads to the formation of gametes. It involves two rounds of division, known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, and during this process, the chromosome number is halved. The daughter cells produced after meiosis I contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In humans, this means the daughter cells resulting from meiosis I have 23 chromosomes instead of the original 46. In meiosis II, these haploid daughter cells undergo further division, resulting in the formation of four daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This is why meiosis ultimately restores the chromosome number to its original state in preparation for fertilization.
So, in summary, in mitosis, the number of chromosomes in daughter cells is the same as the parent cell, while in meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced by half before being restored.