Select all true statements from the following:
a. ) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
b. ) Nonmetals generally react by forming covalent bonds (i.e. sharing electrons) or by gaining electrons to form anions.
c. ) Halogen atoms have the highest ionization energies amongst all groups in the periodic table.
d. ) All nonmetal atoms release energy when forming a 1- anion.
What is your thinking?
To determine which statements are true, let's examine each statement one by one:
a. ) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
This statement is true. Metals, such as copper and aluminum, have a high number of free electrons that can move easily through the material, allowing for efficient conduction of heat and electricity.
b. ) Nonmetals generally react by forming covalent bonds (i.e. sharing electrons) or by gaining electrons to form anions.
This statement is also true. Nonmetals typically have a tendency to gain electrons in reactions, forming negatively charged ions (anions), or to share electrons with other atoms through covalent bonds. Examples of nonmetals include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
c. ) Halogen atoms have the highest ionization energies amongst all groups in the periodic table.
This statement is false. Halogens, such as fluorine and chlorine, have high electron affinity and tend to have lower ionization energies compared to most other elements, making it easier for them to lose electrons and form anions.
d. ) All nonmetal atoms release energy when forming a 1- anion.
This statement is false. Nonmetal atoms may either gain or lose energy when forming ions, depending on whether they are forming cations (positively charged ions) or anions (negatively charged ions). The energy change can either be positive or negative, depending on the specific atom and its electron configuration.
Therefore, the true statements from the options provided are:
a. ) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
b. ) Nonmetals generally react by forming covalent bonds (i.e. sharing electrons) or by gaining electrons to form anions.