How many things are there inside the CPU? And what are they?
Read lots.
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/7
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/central-processing-unit-cpu-parts-definition-function.html
hardware
The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is an essential component of any computer system. It functions as the brain of the computer, executing instructions and performing calculations. Inside the CPU, there are several key components that work together to ensure its proper functioning. Here are the main parts you'll find inside a typical CPU:
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): This is responsible for performing calculations and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and comparison.
2. Control Unit (CU): It coordinates the activities of the CPU by managing the flow of data and instructions. The control unit fetches instructions from the memory, decodes them, and executes them.
3. Registers: These are small and fast storage locations within the CPU used to temporarily hold data during processing. Some common types of registers include the program counter (PC), instruction register (IR), and general-purpose registers (such as accumulator, index registers, and data registers).
4. Cache: It is a small, high-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data and instructions. It helps to improve the overall performance of the CPU by reducing the time it takes to fetch information from the main memory (RAM).
5. Bus Interface Unit (BIU): This component manages the communication between the CPU and the rest of the computer system, including memory, input/output devices, and other peripherals.
6. Clock: The clock provides a timing signal that synchronizes the internal operations of the CPU. It ensures that instructions and data are processed at the correct speed.
It is important to note that these components may vary in design and arrangement depending on the specific architecture and generation of the CPU. Additionally, modern CPUs often incorporate multiple cores, each with its own set of components, allowing for parallel processing and increased performance.