what is the utiliterian theory
http://caae.phil.cmu.edu/cavalier/80130/part2/sect9.html
http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/utilitarianism/summary.html
The utilitarian theory, also known as utilitarianism, is a moral theory that focuses on maximizing overall happiness or welfare for the greatest number of people. According to this theory, an action or decision is considered morally right if it produces the greatest amount of happiness or utility for the majority.
To understand the utilitarian theory in more detail, you can follow these steps:
1. Start by researching the origins and key proponents of utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill were influential philosophers who developed and advocated for this theory.
2. Familiarize yourself with the core principles of utilitarianism. The theory posits that the right course of action is the one that maximizes happiness or utility and minimizes suffering or harm.
3. Explore how utilitarianism employs the concept of the "greatest happiness principle." This principle suggests that actions should aim to maximize overall happiness or utility, and that the moral worth of an action is determined by the consequences it produces.
4. Consider the importance of impartiality in utilitarianism. It emphasizes the idea that everyone's happiness is of equal value and should be taken into account when making moral judgments.
5. Reflect on the potential criticisms and challenges to utilitarianism. Some common critiques include the difficulty of quantifying happiness, potential conflicts between individual and collective interests, and concerns regarding justice and fairness.
By following these steps, you can gain a deeper understanding of the utilitarian theory and its principles. Remember to approach the topic critically and consider various perspectives to develop a well-rounded understanding.