"Ouch, that hurts!," Kadra said after stubbing her toe.

is this correct?

No, delete the comma. Then it'll be fine.

The defendant stated that she was, "not guilty."

Yes, the sentence "Ouch, that hurts!," Kadra said after stubbing her toe is correct in terms of punctuation and grammar. However, there is a minor issue with the punctuation. Instead of placing a comma after the exclamation mark, it would be more appropriate to use a period. The correct sentence would be:

"Ouch, that hurts!" Kadra said after stubbing her toe.

In this sentence, the exclamation mark correctly expresses the strong emotion of pain, and the quotation marks indicate that Kadra is speaking. Additionally, the word "after" indicates the sequence of events, showing that she said the statement after stubbing her toe.